Neuroscience

A groundbreaking study has unveiled a detailed atlas of the brain’s mitochondria, revealing that areas responsible for higher cognitive functions are equipped with more energy resources. Conducted by researchers at Columbia University, this study provides critical insights into how mitochondrial distribution and specialization affect brain health and disease. Understanding these energy dynamics opens new doors for exploring the origins of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, which offer potential pathways for innovative treatments.

A groundbreaking discovery has emerged from recent research led by the German Primate Center and the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, highlighting the influence of two human-specific genes on brain development. This research, published on March 27, 2025, unveils how these genes uniquely contribute to the evolution of the human cerebrum, underscoring its unparalleled complexity in the animal kingdom.

The study illuminates the synergistic role these genes play: one gene induces the multiplication of brain progenitor cells, while the other facilitates their transformation into distinct progenitor cells destined to develop into neurons. This finely tuned mechanism is hypothesized to be a pivotal element in the evolutionary trajectory that has led to the exceptionally sophisticated human brain.

A groundbreaking study from Ohio State University, published in Nature Neuroscience, shows that memories formed close in time may be stored in dendrites—the branches of neurons—rather than in cell bodies. This finding explains why events on the same day often feel linked and could guide future therapies for memory-related disorders.

Led by Megha Sehgal, the researchers used advanced imaging in mice to demonstrate that the same dendritic branches activate when experiences are encoded in quick succession. The dendritic linkage occurs in the retrosplenial cortex, a brain region integral to contextual memory. The work reveals that memories can be bound together through localized changes in dendritic segments, offering a new lens on how the brain connects related experiences.

In an intriguing leap in neuroscience, Duke University researchers have uncovered that dopamine, a key neurotransmitter, plays a vital role in the learning process of young zebra finches. The study, published in Nature, explores how dopamine signals guide these young birds as they endeavor to perfect their songs, offering valuable insights that extend to human learning patterns and neurological disorders alike.

The captivating research sheds light on the intrinsic motivation that drives juvenile zebra finches to refine their vocal abilities. Analogous to how children learn to talk, these fledgling birds must replicate the songs of their fathers to successfully communicate and, eventually, court. The journey to vocal mastery is challenging, with chicks spending roughly three months practicing tirelessly, much like The Beatles’ meticulous recording sessions, as Duke neuroscientist Richard Mooney notes. Each day, these dedicated birds go through up to 10,000 renditions of their song in pursuit of perfection, as described in the study accessible here Phys.org.

A new study shows that human brains have distinctive internal wiring, especially in the temporal lobe, offering a fresh view on what makes people unique. Instead of focusing only on brain size, researchers map how regions connect and communicate to shape higher thinking and social behavior.

Historically, brain differences were assessed by comparing overall size across species. Size alone cannot explain cognitive differences. Modern imaging allows scientists to chart brain connectivity with greater clarity, revealing subtle patterns that distinguish humans from close relatives.

A new international study shows how two human-specific genes contribute to brain development, offering clues about the evolution of the cerebrum’s complexity. Researchers from a leading German primate research center and a top molecular biology institute conducted the work. Published in March 2025, the findings illuminate brain evolution and suggest potential avenues for addressing developmental brain disorders.

The study describes a synergistic mechanism: one gene promotes the proliferation of brain progenitor cells, while the other guides these cells to become neuron-producing progenitors. This coordinated process is proposed as a driving factor in the evolutionary path that produced the sophisticated human brain. Beyond evolution, the research hints at new angles for understanding developmental conditions and neurological diseases, with possible therapeutic implications.

In an intriguing discovery, a recent study published in the prestigious journal Science has shed new light on the cognitive abilities of infants, showing that babies as young as 12 months are actively forming memories. This breakthrough finding revolutionizes our understanding of early childhood development and challenges the longstanding notion that infantile amnesia—our inability to recall memories from our tenderest years—is due to a lack of memory formation capability at that age.

A new study published in Science suggests babies as young as 12 months are actively forming memories. This challenges the idea of infantile amnesia—the belief that early memories fade quickly. The findings indicate memory formation starts earlier and may be stronger than previously believed, with important implications for Thai parents and educators shaping learning from birth.

Researchers from a leading university explored how the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory encoding, functions in infants. Using child-friendly functional magnetic resonance imaging, the team observed hippocampal activity in infants who displayed stronger memory signals through non-verbal cues like longer gaze at familiar objects. The results show memory processes are active much earlier in life than once assumed.

A new study from Duke University reveals that dopamine, a crucial brain chemical, helps young zebra finches learn their songs. The research, published in a respected journal, shows how dopamine signals guide juvenile birds as they practice vocalizations, offering lessons for human learning and neurological health.

The findings highlight inner motivation as fledglings refine their voices. Like Thai children learning to speak, these birds imitate their fathers’ songs to communicate and attract mates. Mastery requires persistence: chicks often practice for months, producing thousands of renditions daily in pursuit of improvement. The study details this intense practice and its neural signals, advancing our understanding of how motivation drives skill development.

A new study from a leading university introduces MitoBrainMap, an atlas that maps how mitochondria—the brain’s energy factories—populate regions linked to higher cognitive functions. Researchers suggest these areas harbor specialized energy resources that could influence development, brain health, and disease progression. The work points toward noninvasive ways to assess brain bioenergetics and potentially detect early signs of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Energy underpins every mental process, from memory and learning to emotion and perception. Previously, scientists had limited insight into how mitochondrial density varies by brain region. MitoBrainMap now provides a detailed view of the brain’s energy landscape and how it supports cognitive activity.

A groundbreaking study has unveiled how our brains physically associate memories formed close in time, offering intriguing insights that could impact the understanding of memory-related disorders. Conducted at Ohio State University and recently published in Nature Neuroscience, the research highlights that rather than being encoded in the cell bodies of neurons, memories formed within short timeframes are stored in the dendrites, which are intricate extensions of neurons.

This discovery is significant as it elucidates why events occurring on the same day often feel inherently linked, in contrast to those spaced out over weeks. Dendrites, long overshadowed by the neuron cell bodies in memory studies, are now recognized as playing a crucial role in memory linkage. The researchers, led by Megha Sehgal, utilized advanced imaging techniques on mice, which revealed that the same dendritic branches get activated when closely timed experiences are encoded, thereby binding the memories together.

A recent study from a leading U.S. university shows that maintaining a steady gaze can boost speed and accuracy across tasks. The research, led by a psychology professor, reinforces long-standing observations about elite performers whose success hinges on sharp visual focus rather than sheer power. For Thai readers, the findings offer practical implications for sport, study, and busy professional life.

Quiet eye is the name given to a gaze held with minimal, purposeful movement. This technique helps athletes avoid distractions and prepare for action, whether it’s a golf putt or a basketball free throw. The research team is exploring brain-wide mechanisms to confirm how gaze control translates into better performance under pressure.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have unveiled intriguing insights into the unique connectivity patterns of the human brain. Unlike previous assumptions focusing primarily on brain size, this new research highlights distinct internal organization, specifically within the temporal lobe, distinguishing humans from their closest primate relatives. This discovery underscores the complexity of human evolution, providing a fresh perspective on what fundamentally sets human cognitive abilities apart.

Historically, the understanding of the human brain’s uniqueness relied heavily on comparisons in size either to the brains of other species or parts relative to the entire brain. However, size alone cannot capture the complexity of how human cognitive abilities have evolved. The introduction of advanced medical imaging techniques now allows scientists to map brain connectivity with unprecedented clarity, revealing the previously hidden intricacies that distinguish us from other primates.

A new study from the Karolinska Institute and the Nedergaard lab explores how cerebrospinal fluid moves inside the brain and how sleep may help clear neural waste. The findings suggest that CSF dynamics are not just passive diffusion but an active process tied to the restorative effects of sleep. This perspective offers a clearer view of how rest supports brain health and lowers the risk of cognitive issues.

In daily life, sleep quality matters as urban stress, family duties, and screen time challenge rest. Public health data in Thailand show a growing focus on sleep disorders and their impact on daily functioning. This research helps Thai audiences understand sleep as a pillar of brain health, not merely a personal habit.

Recent research into the cerebral mechanics of fluid movement underscores the complexity of how cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) behaves within the brain, challenging our understanding of its role in neural maintenance and waste expulsion. The study spearheaded by teams at the Karolinska Institute and the famed Nedergaard lab has reignited debates within the scientific community, not merely about CSF function but also the purpose of sleep itself—a subject with significant implications for both the general populace and medical professionals in Thailand.

A new study reveals how young zebra finches gauge their singing through dopamine, a key brain chemical. Researchers at Duke University conducted the work, published in Nature, and it offers clues about how learning happens in both birds and humans. The findings highlight how neurochemistry shapes effort and motivation during skill development.

For Thai readers, the takeaway goes beyond bird education. The research suggests learning thrives on internal motivation rather than external rewards. Just as a Thai child practices pronunciation by repeating words, the birds refine their songs through sustained practice guided by their own brain chemistry. Dopamine rises with each practice attempt, independent of how perfect the note turns out, pointing to motivation as a driver of learning.

Recent research has unveiled fascinating insights into how young zebra finches self-evaluate their singing efforts through dopamine, a key brain chemical. Conducted by a team at Duke University and published in Nature, the study explores the neurochemical underpinnings of learning in juvenile birds, offering broader implications for understanding human motor skills and neurological functions (source).

For Thai readers, the significance of this research lies not only in the biological curiosity of how birds learn but also in the cross-species insights into learning mechanisms that could influence educational strategies and treatment approaches for neurological conditions. Similar to how a Thai child might learn by repeatedly practicing pronouncing new words, these birds refine their songs through iterative practice and intrinsic feedback, tracked by dopamine fluctuations.

A groundbreaking study from Yale University reveals that infants can form and encode memories earlier than previously thought. Using advanced imaging, researchers found that even before speaking, babies show memory-related brain activity when viewing familiar images. Published in Science, the work challenges the long-held belief that infant memories are inaccessible due to a still-developing hippocampus. For Thai educators and parents, the finding underscores how early experiences can shape learning trajectories.

A new study reveals distinctive features in human brain connectivity that set us apart from our closest primate relatives. Researchers, including senior neuroscientists and a leading postdoctoral researcher, used MRI data to compare humans with chimpanzees and macaques. The work, summarized for a science news audience, highlights how specific neural connections may underpin advanced cognition and social behavior.

For Thai readers, the findings offer fresh perspectives on how thinking, communication, and social interaction emerge from brain networks. By leveraging advanced imaging, the research moves beyond simple comparisons of brain size and dives into the architecture of internal connections that shape everyday abilities. The results suggest that differences in the temporal lobe, rather than only the prefrontal region, play a major role in what makes human cognition unique.

A breakthrough study from the BIAL Foundation reveals how specific neurons in the brain can reclassify stimuli as dangerous or rewarding, a process vital for survival and mental health. This research provides insights into how the brain learns to differentiate between what to fear and what to embrace, findings that could generate new treatments for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The significance of this study for Thai readers lies in its potential to improve mental health therapies. Thailand, like many other countries, struggles with mental health issues where anxiety and PTSD are prevalent. Understanding the brain’s ability to reassess danger and reward can guide effective intervention strategies.

A recent breakthrough from researchers at the BIAL Foundation shows how two neuron types in the nucleus accumbens help the brain reclassify stimuli as dangerous or rewarding. This re-evaluation is crucial for learning what to fear and what to seek, with important implications for anxiety and PTSD treatment.

For Thai readers, the study holds promise for improving mental health therapies in a country where anxiety and trauma-related conditions are a concern. Understanding how the brain updates fear and reward could guide more effective interventions that fit Thai cultural contexts and care standards.

A team of researchers is advancing brain health insights by linking brain stiffness to aging and neurodegenerative risk. Led by a biomedical engineering associate professor and an electrical engineering assistant professor, the group uses magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) together with artificial intelligence to estimate the brain’s biological age. This approach could improve early detection and intervention for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders, with potential relevance for Thailand’s aging population.

A major study from the University of Chicago rethinks how memories form, offering fresh insights into neurological conditions like dementia. Published in Nature Neuroscience, the work examines how synaptic plasticity—the brain’s ability to strengthen connections between neurons—works in real life, not just in classic theories. The researchers highlight a shift from traditional Hebbian ideas to Behavioral Timescale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP), a model that better explains how memory representations change over time.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have identified unique features in the human brain that distinguish it from other primates. Conducted by neuroscientists including Professor Rogier Mars and Katherine Bryant, the study examined brain connectivity using MRI data to compare humans with chimpanzees and macaque monkeys—our closest living primate relatives. This research, detailed in Science Alert, uncovers significant differences in brain wiring that contribute to our advanced cognitive abilities and social behaviors.