Science

Recent research has highlighted some of the most perplexing mysteries of human anatomy that evolutionary science still grapples to explain, sparking animated discussions among biologists worldwide. While Darwin’s theory eloquently describes the gradual adaptation of organisms, certain quirky features of the human body—such as our unique chin or the puzzlingly intermediate size of male reproductive organs—still defy straightforward evolutionary rationales. A new article by a University College London professor, published by the BBC, summarizes current thinking and lingering questions, offering Thai readers a fascinating window into the ongoing detective work of evolutionary biology (BBC Future).

In a surprising breakthrough, scientists have discovered that plants aren’t just passive bystanders in the pollination process—they actively “listen” for the sounds of their pollinators and respond by producing sweeter, more abundant nectar. The findings, presented at an international acoustics conference this week, mark a dramatic shift in our understanding of plant-animal interactions and could have game-changing applications for agriculture in Thailand and beyond (The Guardian, Phys.org).

The discovery centers on snapdragon flowers and their relationship with a bee species known as Rhodanthidium sticticum, sometimes called the snail-shell bee, a particularly efficient pollinator. Researchers led by a zoologist from the University of Turin found that when these plants “hear” the distinct buzzing frequencies of their favored bee, they ramp up nectar production and boost its sugar content. This response does not occur for all insect or ambient sounds—only the characteristic buzz of the right pollinator triggers the shift. The process seems finely tuned: snapdragons can even alter the expression of genes involved in sugar transport and nectar production, responding within minutes of exposure to the right acoustic cues (EurekAlert).

A century-old mystery surrounding the striking orange coats of domestic cats has finally been unraveled by new genetic research published on May 15 in the journal Current Biology (source). Scientists have identified a unique “meow-tation” in feline DNA that not only gives orange cats their distinctive hues, but also explains why the vast majority of them are male—a question that has perplexed geneticists and cat fanciers alike since the early 20th century.

A new scientific breakthrough has revealed the ultimate limit of human visual speed, finding that how quickly we can “see” moving objects is not just about our eyes, but intimately linked with how our eyes move. The research, published in Nature Communications on May 8, 2025, uncovers for the first time how the mechanics of saccades—our rapid, darting eye movements—set the boundaries on what we can perceive in fast motion, challenging long-held beliefs about the biological constraints of sight and reshaping our understanding of tasks ranging from sports performance to everyday perception (Nature Communications).

The enduring mystery of how gold – a metal of immense cultural and economic value in Thailand and around the world – originated in the universe may be a step closer to resolution, as new astrophysical research points to an unexpected cosmic source. According to a recent study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, highly magnetised neutron stars known as magnetars may play a critical role in producing not only gold but a slew of other heavy elements vital to the fabric of the cosmos. This finding reshapes long-held views on the cosmic manufacture of these elements, presenting a breakthrough that ripples from the farthest reaches of space into the heart of Bangkok’s bustling gold markets and beyond (Al Jazeera).

A groundbreaking study led by researchers at the University of Leicester has revealed that some of the largest creatures ever to soar the prehistoric skies, the pterosaurs, spent far more time on the ground than previously thought. Through extensive examination of fossilised tracks attributed to the giant Quetzalcoatlus, with wingspans reaching up to 10 metres (32 feet), scientists have now painted a richer picture of the behaviour and lifestyle of these flying reptiles that coexisted with dinosaurs hundreds of millions of years ago (BBC News).

In a surprising shift, the Antarctic ice sheet has reportedly expanded for the first time in decades, according to a recent article by The Daily Galaxy (dailygalaxy.com). This development marks a significant reversal from the enduring narrative of relentless polar ice loss and has triggered widespread discussion in the scientific community about the complexities of climate change, ocean currents, and global weather patterns.

For years, research and satellite observations have documented a steady decline in both the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, with implications for rising sea levels and extreme weather events worldwide. Thailand, a country consistently ranked among the world’s most vulnerable to climate change-driven flooding, has closely monitored these polar trends. News of an expanding Antarctic ice sheet, therefore, raises critical questions: Is this a fleeting anomaly or a sign of deeper shifts in Earth’s climate system? And what might this mean for global strategies to address rising seas and environmental crises?

A groundbreaking study published in Nature has delivered unexpected results in the scientific quest for understanding consciousness, challenging two of the most prominent theories about its origins and offering fresh insights with potential to reshape clinical neuroscience worldwide. The findings reveal that neither Integrated Information Theory (IIT) nor Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)—the cornerstones of modern consciousness research—can fully account for how human conscious experience arises, redirecting scientific focus to the brain’s sensory areas and raising critical implications for patient care and brain injury diagnosis (Neuroscience News).

NASA’s Juno spacecraft has delivered a suite of groundbreaking discoveries about Jupiter and its volcanic moon Io, thanks to an array of high-tech instruments and daring flybys. Unveiled by mission scientists at a major European geosciences conference at the end of April 2025, these new findings bring humanity closer than ever to understanding the turbulent worlds orbiting our solar system’s largest planet—and may have far-reaching implications for science both globally and right here in Thailand.

NASA’s oldest active astronaut, renowned for spending 220 days on the International Space Station, has opened up about the profound challenges astronauts face upon returning to Earth—a revelation that newly illuminates the dramatic impacts of space travel on the human body and mind. His insights serve as a timely reminder of the scientific hurdles confronting both current astronauts and future generations hoping to embark on long-duration missions to the Moon, Mars, or beyond.

Running with a jogging stroller is a common sight in Thailand’s parks and city streets, as active parents find creative ways to merge fitness with family time. However, new research from biomechanics experts at Penn State Berks and Alvernia University, recently detailed in The Washington Post (Washington Post), is prompting a closer look at how this practice affects the body of the person doing the pushing.

The implication is significant for Thai parents who enjoy running as a means to stay healthy while caring for young children. While stroller manufacturers and regulations tend to emphasize child safety, the physical consequences for adult runners have received much less attention—but that’s beginning to change. Overuse injuries, such as shin splints, stress fractures, and knee pain, are already concerns for runners. Introducing a jogging stroller, which presents additional weight and requires a new arm position, may change body mechanics in subtle but impactful ways. For Thailand’s running community, which includes countless parents and caretakers embracing stroller-running in Lumpini Park, Chatuchak Park, and university campuses, understanding these risks is vital.

A provocative new study has reignited the age-old question: Would dinosaurs still roam the Earth if an asteroid had not ended their reign 66 million years ago? According to researchers, recent findings indicate that dinosaurs were not, as previously believed, already in decline before the impact event — and that the catastrophic asteroid was the decisive factor in their sudden extinction. This shift in scientific thinking challenges traditional theories and captures the imagination of both scientists and the public, with implications for how we interpret ancient mass extinctions and the fragility of life on Earth.

A long-lost fragment of the Soviet Union’s deep-space ambitions has resurfaced in the news, as experts confirm that a probe launched over 50 years ago is expected to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere in May 2025—drawing the attention of scientists, policymakers, and the public alike. This remarkable event serves as both a testament to the durability of Cold War-era technology and a reminder of the growing issue of space debris as nations continue to reach for the stars.