A growing body of research challenges the idea that autism is mainly a male condition. New findings reveal that systemic biases have obscured how autism presents in girls and women. For Thailand, where traditional gender roles influence health and education, this shift matters for earlier recognition and support.
Historically, boys were more often referred for autism assessments than girls. Consequently, many girls were misdiagnosed with social anxiety or eating disorders before autism was considered. A recent 2023 analysis suggests that up to 80 percent of girls initially misdiagnosed with other conditions may actually have autism. This data from leading researchers highlights the need to rethink diagnostic practices.
A central finding is gender bias in autism studies. More than 120 studies were reviewed, with most research focusing on male subjects and fewer than 10 percent of participants being female. This gap has hindered accurate understanding and timely recognition of autism in girls and calls for reform in medical and educational systems.
For Thailand, these insights carry practical implications. Healthcare workers and teachers are often the first to notice developmental differences. Recognizing that girls may display autism differently—often internalizing distress or masking behaviors—can lead to earlier support and better outcomes. Including sensory processing differences in diagnostic frameworks, as some manuals have updated, helps practitioners diagnose with greater precision.
In Thai classrooms and clinics, awareness campaigns can counter stigma and promote inclusive practices. Observers should look beyond shyness to consider indicators such as social withdrawal or heightened sensory sensitivity as potential signs of autism, rather than attributing them to personality or circumstance alone.
Experts advocate a coordinated global response to improve awareness and diagnostic methods. For Thailand, this means training educators and clinicians to apply gender-sensitive approaches, ensuring interventions are tailored to individual needs and cultural contexts. Such efforts align with broader health and education goals, supporting autistic individuals to participate fully in society.
Ultimately, Thai policymakers, health professionals, and educators are urged to integrate global perspectives into local practice. By embracing inclusive, evidence-based approaches, Thailand can offer equitable support that respects diversity and enables all students to reach their potential.