A team of engineers, computer scientists, and ophthalmologists from UC Berkeley, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Washington, reports a groundbreaking advance in human vision. In new research published in Science Advances, volunteers were able to perceive a color not found in the traditional spectrum. The researchers describe this color as “olo,” achieved by precisely stimulating specific cells in the retina.
For Thai readers, the idea of a completely unprecedented color sparks both scientific curiosity and cultural imagination. Color shapes art, design, and ritual—think of color significance in Thai traditions, or the way colors are used in temples and festivals. The possibility of expanding the human color palette could influence Thai textiles, temple murals, and even symbolic representations in religious practices.
The study centers on the retina, the light-sensing layer at the back of the eye. Humans normally see color through three types of cone cells: long (L), medium (M), and short (S). To push the boundaries of perception, researchers used high-precision adaptive optics optical coherence tomography to map M-cones at the level of individual cells in each participant’s retina.
Following identification, volunteers—some of whom were researchers—were exposed to targeted laser stimulation that activated only M-cones. The method, nicknamed “Oz” in reference to discovering new sights in a beloved fantasy tale, produced a perceptual experience describable as a highly saturated blue-green that could not be matched to existing hues. The color was even incorporated into photographs and video projections for a unique viewing experience beyond standard digital or print media.
Dr. Susan Q. Lee, an ophthalmology researcher, explained that this work reveals a new way the brain and eye construct color. “The color ‘olo’ is not a simple extension of known hues; it is a distinct percept created by precise retinal stimulation,” she said.
Beyond curiosity, the findings carry potential practical implications. In Thailand, where color vision deficiency affects a notable share of the population, this line of work could advance understanding of color blindness and even simulate a form of tetrachromacy, a condition where four types of cones enable a broader color range. Thailand’s public health data show that color vision issues, while varied, impact everyday tasks such as choosing colors for education materials or driving safety.
In an interview, Dr. Kittipong Udomchoke, an optical scientist at a leading Thai university, suggested that adapting this technology could someday help Thai patients experience more color richness. He also noted the potential to inspire Thai artists, designers, and educators to rethink how vision can influence creativity and learning.
Thai culture already values color as a communications tool. From Songkran celebrations to school color codes and Buddhist rituals assigning colors to days or fortunes, color symbolism runs deep. The possibility of a new color could influence art, fashion, and religious art—perhaps informing future silk weaving patterns or temple mosaics. The idea of introducing “olo” into Thai visual culture invites thoughtful consideration about sacred boundaries and artistic interpretation.
Global experts acknowledge both the wonder and the need for caution. Independent vision researchers emphasize the importance of replication and understanding broader neurological implications as science advances. While the idea of a new color is exciting, researchers warn that practical application remains experimental, relying on sophisticated laboratory equipment and precise retinal mapping. Ongoing discussions also focus on ethics, long-term safety, accessibility, and how such technologies might be responsibly deployed.
Looking ahead, scientists say tailored retinal stimulation could eventually aid people with various color vision deficiencies or retinal diseases. There is also talk of potential commercial uses in virtual reality and immersive media, which could bring experiences like “olo” to a broader audience in the future.
For Thai readers, the takeaway is to recognize both the wonder of this discovery and its broader implications. Those interested in health and vision science might explore local ophthalmology research or visual technology development, while supporting science investment and vision health initiatives in communities. Encouraging young Thais—especially women and girls—to pursue STEM careers can help fuel the next wave of discoveries.
Although public access to this technology is not yet available, monitoring collaborations between Thai universities and international partners could pave the way for future demonstrations or pilot programs.
In sum, the study opens a window into how we perceive the world and how culture, art, and technology might evolve together. It invites thoughtful dialogue about the future of human vision in Thailand and beyond.
Sources integrated within the article:
- Research by UC Berkeley and the University of Washington published in Science Advances on targeted retinal stimulation and the perception of a new color.
- The World Health Organization has data on color vision deficiency and visual impairment.
- Scientific discussions on retinal neuroscience and color perception are widely documented in peer-reviewed literature.