A major international study is redefining how bacterial vaginosis (BV) is treated. BV is a common vaginal infection that affects about one in three women worldwide, including many in Thailand. New findings show that tackling BV effectively may require treating both partners, not just the woman. This challenges decades of medical thinking and offers new hope for women who experience recurrent BV.
BV is the leading cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among reproductive-age women. In Thailand, awareness is limited despite BV’s links to higher risks of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, and complications such as preterm birth during pregnancy. The infection results from an imbalance in vaginal bacteria, with the beneficial Lactobacilli replaced by other bacteria. Typical treatments relieve symptoms, but relapse is common, with up to 60% experiencing recurrence within months.
For years, BV was considered non-sexually transmitted, so partner treatment was not standard care. A landmark 2025 study published in a premier medical journal changed that view. Led by researchers at a major Melbourne sexual health center, the trial tested a strategy that treated both partners. Results showed a significant drop in BV recurrence within 12 weeks when men received a course of oral and topical antibiotics alongside their partners, compared with standard treatment alone.
“We saw clear benefits when treating male partners concurrently,” one lead author stated. “This approach tackles the reinfection cycle that many couples face.” The study’s commentary echoed the same sentiment, highlighting the potential to alter the course of BV for countless couples.
The implications for Thai women are substantial. Thai culture often emphasizes modesty and hesitation in discussing intimate health, which can hinder discussion about BV and partner involvement. Yet the infection’s impact goes beyond discomfort; recurrent BV can affect relationships and health outcomes for mothers and babies. Data from global research underscores BV’s significance for reproductive health, particularly as discussion of sexual health becomes more open in Thai society.
Thai health experts see opportunities to translate these findings into national practice. A reproductive health specialist at a leading Bangkok hospital notes that reducing BV recurrence could contribute to broader improvements in sexual health education and couple-based care, aligning with national health goals.
Historically, researchers sought to understand why BV returns so often. Relapse is more likely if sex with an untreated partner continues after treatment. The hesitation to recommend partner treatment stemmed from inconsistent evidence and lack of proven strategies. The new studies provide clearer support for a joint approach, suggesting that addressing both partners can break the reinfection cycle.
The science behind the shift lies in the vaginal microbiome. In BV, the balance of bacteria shifts, allowing harmful species to thrive. Importantly, similar bacteria can be found in the male partner’s genital microbiome, creating a reservoir for reinfection. New trials used both oral antibiotics and topical treatments for men and found better outcomes than either therapy alone.
Globally, BV affects up to 30% of women aged 14–49 at any given time, with higher rates in some regions of Africa and Southeast Asia. In Thailand, shifting social norms and more open discussions about sexual health highlight the potential benefits of couple-based treatment, especially in urban centers like Bangkok and Chiang Mai. However, barriers remain. Some Thai healthcare professionals note that many women are reluctant to discuss symptoms or invite partners to participate in care. Educational campaigns should aim to destigmatize BV and promote inclusive, couple-focused care.
The Thai healthcare system is seeking evidence-based strategies to reduce maternal and child health risks and to lower rates of preventable infections. Integrating BV management with broader sexual and reproductive health programs could support national objectives under universal health coverage. Telehealth services are already beginning to offer partner-oriented treatment options, signaling a shift toward more comprehensive care.
What should Thai women and couples do next? If you experience abnormal discharge or persistent irritation, seek medical advice promptly. When BV is diagnosed, ask your clinician about the safety and feasibility of partner treatment, particularly if recurrences are problematic. Couples should consider that treating both parties can reduce future recurrences and protect each other’s health.
Health authorities and non-governmental organizations should update educational materials to facilitate open conversations and supportive environments where both partners can participate in care. The evidence now supports a practical, modern approach to BV—treating together can improve outcomes and strengthen trust in relationships.
If you have questions, clinicians at primary care clinics and women’s health services can provide guidance, with resources available from professional bodies such as national gynecology associations and international health journals.