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New Study Finds Even Gentle Exercise May Slow Memory Decline in Those at Risk for Alzheimer’s

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A newly published study offers hope for millions of older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease, showing that even light forms of exercise may help slow cognitive decline. This large clinical trial, called the EXERT study, found that both low-intensity activities, such as stretching, and moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise kept cognitive function stable over a 12-month period for seniors with mild memory problems – a group considered high-risk for Alzheimer’s. The findings, reported in two papers in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia, could signal a practical path forward for Thai families concerned about brain health amid a rapidly aging population.

The research matters greatly to Thai society, where Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia are growing public health concerns due to the country’s shifting age demographics. According to Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health, the proportion of citizens aged 60 or older is expected to exceed a quarter of the population by 2030. Many Thai families already know the stress and heartbreak of caring for elders with memory loss. Against this backdrop, new evidence for simple preventative measures is especially relevant. Importantly, the EXERT study suggests that even those who are not able to participate in intense aerobic activities—common for Thailand’s older adults with pre-existing joint or heart conditions—can still benefit from gentler routines.

The EXERT study, led by researchers from the University of California San Diego and Wake Forest University, involved nearly 300 sedentary older adults diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This condition is characterized by noticeable memory problems but not full-blown dementia, and about 16% of those with MCI go on to develop Alzheimer’s every year. Participants in the study, ranging in age and diverse in background, were randomly assigned to either moderate-to-high intensity aerobic training—such as brisk walking or stationary cycling—or to low-intensity stretching, balance, and flexibility routines. Both groups took part in their assigned activities three to four times per week for an entire year, under supervision from YMCA trainers to ensure consistency and support. They were regularly assessed for changes in thinking ability and brain volume using standardized cognitive tests and MRI scans, and the results were compared to similar adults who only received their usual medical care.

The headline findings are striking: over the 12 months, cognitive function for those in either exercise group remained stable, while those who did not participate in structured exercise (the control group) showed more significant decline. Even more, there was less shrinkage in critical brain regions like the prefrontal cortex among the exercise groups—a region important for planning, judgment, and memory. Dr. Aladdin Shadyab, associate professor at UC San Diego and lead author on one of the new papers, commented, “These findings show us that even low intensity exercise may slow cognitive decline in at-risk older adults.” Dr. Laura Baker, principal investigator of the EXERT study and professor at Wake Forest University, called EXERT a “landmark study because it’s the largest rigorous trial of exercise ever conducted in adults with mild cognitive impairment.” She emphasized, “Exercise has well-documented benefits to nearly every aspect of human health, but we’re still unlocking the full potential of exercise as medicine for older adults with memory problems” (see the EXERT study summary).

One unexpected outcome: the researchers expected to see cognitive decline even among exercisers, but instead observed that participants in both exercise groups generally maintained their abilities over the year. There was also discussion that simply being involved in a research study – which provides social and mental stimulation – could have positive protective effects. This is particularly relevant in Thailand, where family and community engagement already play a critical role in the lives of older adults. The possibility that both gentle physical activity and increased social stimulation offer brain protection fits naturally with Thai cultural values.

To put these results in context, past research on cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s prevention has often produced mixed findings. Small-scale studies sometimes hinted at benefits from exercise, but large and well-controlled trials were lacking—until EXERT. What makes the study especially relevant for public health policymakers in Thailand is that the interventions tested are practical, low-cost, and could be scaled to community health centers, temples, or even family homes. Dr. Howard Feldman, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study director, said, “This approach brings us one step closer to its implementation in the community.”

Thailand’s historical reverence for elders and traditional activities like morning tai chi, temple-based group exercises, and communal stretching routines make it a natural culture in which to promote gentle, regular movement for brain health. For instance, senior citizens’ clubs (ชมรมผู้สูงอายุ), often connected to local health centers, could easily modify their existing programs to align with the successful interventions from the EXERT study. Such activities don’t require expensive equipment or gym fees and can be supervised by local trainers or trained volunteers.

Of course, translating these findings to real-world change will require collaboration between healthcare providers, community leaders, and nongovernmental organizations. The Ministry of Public Health’s plan “60 Strong, Thai Society Not Abandoning the Elderly” (60 เข้มแข็ง สังคมไทยไม่ทอดทิ้งผู้สูงอายุ) already emphasizes movement for seniors, but these new results, and the specific focus on low- and moderate-intensity, could make it easier to reach frail or hesitant elders. By focusing on the message that “just moving a little can help protect your memory” (ขยับนิด ๆ ป้องกันสมองเสื่อม), public health campaigns can dispel the myth that only vigorous gym sessions deliver health benefits.

Thailand, like many nations, faces the social and financial challenges of an aging population at risk for dementia. Historical context is important—mental decline in elders was once viewed as an inevitable part of aging, and stigmas remain. As Dr. Shadyab noted, “This is a critical time to intervene in this population, because they don’t have dementia yet, but are at a very high risk.” Early intervention not only provides chances to delay symptoms, but also eases the burden on caregivers and the wider healthcare system.

Looking toward the future, the EXERT study’s model of community delivery—partnering with organizations like the YMCA in the US—could inspire Thailand to use its own network of community centers, temples, and voluntary village health volunteers (อสม.) as exercise “hubs.” Digital health technology, which is expanding among Thais of all ages, could further support adherence to home-based routines, ensuring that benefits reach rural and urban seniors alike. The study’s authors also note that further research is needed; for example, whether even easier at-home routines, like chair exercises or light yoga, might deliver similar brain benefits over longer periods.

Experts agree that while there’s no guaranteed way to prevent Alzheimer’s, modifying lifestyle factors such as physical activity remains one of the most promising and feasible interventions available today. Dr. Baker concluded, “Regular intensity exercise, even at low intensity, could go a long way toward helping older adults slow or delay cognitive decline, and this is promising news for those who are at high risk for dementia.” Thai readers can take this as an invitation to act: Whether it’s joining a community tai chi group, making a daily habit out of morning walks, or practicing traditional stretching at the temple courtyard, small steps can offer brain-boosting advantages for oneself and older loved ones.

For those interested in practical action, the following steps are recommended for Thai families and community leaders:

  • Encourage family elders or friends with memory complaints to join group movement sessions or at-home stretching at least 3-4 times a week.
  • Utilize local health centers and senior clubs to introduce simple routines modeled after the EXERT trial, requiring minimal equipment.
  • Support social and intellectual engagement, which may also play a role in protecting against memory decline.
  • Promote public awareness campaigns to dispel misunderstandings about dementia and encourage positive attitudes toward prevention through gentle activity.
  • Work with village health volunteers to support rural elders with resources, encouragement, and home visits focused on movement and memory health.

Anyone wishing to learn more about the underlying science can review the EXERT trial’s main publication in Alzheimer’s & Dementia (doi:10.1002/alz.14586) or follow updates from the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study at UC San Diego.

This important new evidence underscores that, for Thailand’s elders and those who care for them, a little movement goes a long way. With an approach that blends modern research with traditional Thai values of familial and community care, the country is well-placed to lead the region in innovative, compassionate dementia prevention.

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Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with qualified healthcare professionals before making decisions about your health.