A new study presented at the 2025 American Physiology Summit raises fresh questions about the safety of erythritol, a popular artificial sweetener found in many sugar-free and “diet” products. Researchers report that erythritol may trigger cellular changes that increase the risk of stroke and heart attack, a finding that matters to Thai readers amid widespread use of sugar substitutes in beverages, snacks, and personal care products.
In Thailand, awareness of sugar’s link to obesity and diabetes has driven demand for sugar-free options. Erythritol has been promoted for its low calorie count and minimal impact on blood sugar, making it a common choice for people managing diabetes or reducing sugar intake. The latest findings challenge the assumption that erythritol is risk-free, highlighting the public health relevance for Thai consumers and health authorities alike.
The research, led by a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder, examined how erythritol affects cerebral microvascular endothelial cells—the thin lining of brain blood vessels. The study observed oxidative stress increases after exposure to amounts of erythritol comparable to a single serving of a sweetened drink. It also found a drop in nitric oxide, a key molecule that helps vessels widen and maintain healthy blood flow. Experts warn that reduced nitric oxide and heightened oxidative stress can disrupt vascular function and potentially elevate cardiovascular risk. This interpretation is supported by commentary from experts cited in Women’s Health Magazine, which summarizes the study’s implications for brain and heart health.
Health professionals in Thailand urge caution, noting that erythritol is often marketed as a natural, healthy option due to its low glycemic impact. A vascular specialist described the mechanism behind the potential risks: erythritol may overwhelm cellular defenses against oxidative stress and diminish nitric oxide availability, creating a harmful environment for blood vessels. The takeaway is that moderation matters, especially for products consumed frequently or in larger quantities.
For Thai consumers, the implications are broad. Erythritol appears not only in diet drinks and low-calorie snacks but also in items like toothpaste and mouthwash, a fact that may be less familiar to those focused on food labels. This aligns with Thailand’s ongoing efforts to combat rising obesity and Type 2 diabetes, while navigating a growing market for wellness products. Data from Thailand’s health authorities indicate a robust shift toward “low-sugar” options in urban centers, including Bangkok, as people seek healthier lifestyles.
Global attention to artificial sweeteners has intensified. Earlier research has raised questions about possible links between erythritol and cardiovascular events, though the mechanisms remain under investigation. By focusing on direct effects in brain blood vessel cells, the new study helps clarify potential pathways, though experts stress that more research is needed to understand why erythritol produces these changes.
Despite concerns, erythritol remains labeled as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This classification emphasizes short-term safety and digestive tolerability, not comprehensive long-term vascular or neurological effects. Thai readers should note that regulatory status reflects limited scope and does not guarantee absence of risk over time.
Thai contexts deepen the discussion. The country’s appetite for sweet flavors coexists with public health campaigns about obesity and diabetes. The rise of sugar-free products in markets and tourist hubs suggests that Thais are increasingly exposed to sugar substitutes. Market trends show strong demand for low-sugar options, underscoring the importance of clear labeling and consumer education that goes beyond marketing claims.
Looking ahead, experts recommend moderation and vigilance. A dietitian cited in related coverage advises that individuals monitor their erythritol intake and consider cumulative exposure, especially given potential vascular effects. A cardiovascular specialist adds that consumers should read ingredient lists carefully and choose products thoughtfully while awaiting further research.
In response to emerging science, Thai health authorities, regulators, and the food industry may consider reviewing guidelines for safe sweetener use, enhancing labeling standards, and expanding consumer education. Practical steps for individuals include checking ingredient lists, limiting routine consumption of sweetened products—whether natural or artificial—and prioritizing a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and traditional Thai staples.
As artificial sweeteners continue to shape diets worldwide, ongoing research and transparent public dialogue remain essential. Health professionals emphasize the need for full information to support healthier choices. Consumers are encouraged to stay informed, compare products, and follow updates from trusted medical and regulatory sources as new findings emerge.