A quiet health challenge is taking root among Thai youths: bigorexia, or muscle dysmorphia. Health professionals warn that this disorder goes beyond vanity and can threaten both mental and physical wellbeing. As Western beauty ideals and online comparisons flood Thai media, parents and teachers are urged to rethink conversations about bodies, exercise, and social media.
Muscle dysmorphia is a form of body dysmorphic disorder centered on the belief that one is not muscular enough, even when the physique is healthy or fit. Those affected may spend excessive hours training, follow restrictive diets, or turn to risky supplements or steroids. Adolescent boys are increasingly showing patterns of disordered eating and extreme exercise focused on muscularity, signaling a shift in how eating disorders are understood and diagnosed among males.
For Thai readers, the implications are clear. Bangkok and other urban centers have seen a surge in gym culture, with supplements and performance products marketed across traditional and digital channels. While precise Thai prevalence data remain limited, global research shows muscle dysmorphia is a real concern in environments where peers reinforce muscular ideals. Broad screening studies reveal a wide prevalence range, underscoring the need for local data and awareness campaigns.
Social media is a major driver. Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube provide easy access to and the constant comparison with highly curated, muscular bodies. Influencers and celebrities often showcase idealized physiques, sometimes achieved through professional coaching, strict regimens, or questionable methods. Studies linking consumption of muscularity-focused content to higher symptoms of muscle dysmorphia emphasize the need for media literacy and supportive guidance for youths.
Experts stress that bigorexia is not simply a matter of personal choice. A mental health professional described it as a disorder shaped by biology, psychology, and sociocultural pressures. Family history of mental health issues, perfectionism, and exposure to bullying can heighten risk. In Thai schools, teasing about body image or athletic performance can amplify these pressures, making early recognition essential.
Medical professionals note that muscle dysmorphia is often underdiagnosed because its behaviors—such as disciplined training and dietary control—can appear socially normal. The rise in gym participation and post-pandemic supplement use can mask troubling patterns, delaying help for youths who may be silently struggling.
Thai clinicians advocate for broader understanding beyond the stereotype of eating disorders affecting girls. A Bangkok adolescent mental health specialist urges parents and teachers to watch for signs such as obsessive exercise, compulsive supplement use, and social withdrawal, rather than rigid food rules, as potential indicators of muscle dysmorphia.
International research warns of the consequences of inaction: ongoing distress, impaired social functioning, and health risks from overtraining, nutrient deficiencies, or unsafe substance use. In some parts of Thailand’s fitness community, easily accessible testosterone products and other stimulants are a concern, reinforcing the importance of protecting youth from harmful practices.
The rise is driven by social media, advertising, and evolving ideas of masculinity. Youth are frequently exposed to influencers who portray extreme physiques as the norm. In response, educators, clinicians, and sport organizations in Thailand are stepping up efforts to promote healthy body image, responsible training, and safe supplement practices. Schools and communities are encouraged to foster open conversations about body confidence, media literacy, and seeking help early.
Concluding guidance for families and educators: normalize discussions about healthy exercise, balanced nutrition, and the realities of online images. Encourage youths to engage in varied activities that build strength, endurance, and wellbeing without fixating on appearance. If concerns arise, seek assessment from a qualified mental health professional or a reputable clinic that specializes in adolescent health.