New research is changing how we view the ovary. No longer seen only as a reproductive organ, it is increasingly recognized as a driver of overall health and longevity. Experts say protecting ovarian health could influence cardiovascular, bone, brain health, and life expectancy—an insight with strong implications for Thai women as the population ages.
Historically, ovary discussions focused on fertility and menopause. Now, evidence highlighted in a national- and international-interest briefing shows the ovary ages faster than many other organs. Its decline can trigger changes across the body, elevating risks of heart disease, osteoporosis, dementia, and autoimmune conditions. As life expectancy climbs in Thailand, more women spend extended years after menopause, making ovarian health a public health priority.
Thai health data align with global patterns: women tend to live longer than men but live more years with chronic disease. A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association links earlier menopause with higher cardiovascular risk, while later menopause correlates with greater chances of living past 90. Another study in Brain Communications suggests longer reproductive lifespans may protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Together, these findings reinforce that ovarian health influences both longevity and quality of life.
The ovary’s biology is remarkable. At birth, a female’s ovaries contain up to two million follicles, with only about 400 to 500 maturing to release eggs in a lifetime. The remaining follicles produce hormones that affect bones, brain function, metabolism, mood, blood vessels, and immune responses. Research from respected centers highlights hormones like estrogen, estradiol, and progesterone as conductors of a systemic “wellness symphony” that shifts with aging.
Menopause usually begins in the 40s or 50s, during perimenopause when hormonal changes cause a wide range of symptoms. Some estimates describe up to 135 distinct menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, sleep disruption, mood changes, and cognitive concerns. Official menopause follows 12 consecutive months without a period and commonly brings higher risks of heart disease, bone loss, and metabolic disorders.
Thailand’s aging society intensifies these concerns. Projections indicate a growing share of Thais will be over 60 by 2030, many of them women navigating postmenopausal health. National health data show rising osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women, while local studies tie early menopause to poorer health outcomes and higher healthcare costs. This underscores the need for better gynecological screening and public awareness to prevent long-term burdens.
Experts advocate delaying ovarian aging when possible, not just for longer life but for healthier life. A leading obstetrics professor emphasizes that health span must include reproductive function, urging research into the causes and consequences of ovarian aging. Researchers also argue that viewing ovaries solely as reproductive organs narrows women’s health, and a broader framing is essential.
Estrogen loss after menopause affects bone density and cardiovascular risk. During the first five years after menopause, bone density can decline significantly, increasing fracture risk. This is particularly relevant in Thailand where hip fractures among older women are on the rise. Estrogen supports blood vessel health and helps regulate cholesterol; its decline is linked to higher heart disease risk, mirroring global trends for Thai women over 60.
Mental health and cognitive function are also connected to ovarian hormones. Thai researchers have found associations between earlier menopause and higher rates of depression and cognitive complaints, with international data linking early menopause to dementia risk.
Why do ovaries age so quickly? The ovary endures monthly follicular recruitment and release, causing micro-injuries that accumulate over time. Lifestyle factors—age at menarche, contraception use, pregnancy history, body mass index, smoking, stress, and diet—shape when menopause begins and how ovarian aging unfolds.
Efforts to slow ovarian aging are advancing but remain exploratory. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has evolved. Early large trials raised safety concerns, but newer evidence supports individualized, lower-dose, carefully monitored HRT for suitable patients, especially when started near menopause. However, HRT is not appropriate for everyone, and medical supervision is essential.
Researchers are testing strategies to preserve ovarian health. AMH analogs aim to slow follicle depletion. Experimental approaches include repurposing anti-aging drugs like rapamycin and ovarian tissue cryopreservation for cancer patients facing early menopause. These options are still under study and not yet standard care.
Thailand is building capacity to address ovarian aging. Challenges include high rates of hysterectomy-related menopause, rural access gaps for therapies, stigma around menopause, and limited routine screening for bone and heart health. Policy efforts are underway to integrate menopause management into primary care and promote bone health awareness, but more work is needed to ensure equitable access.
Diagnostics for ovarian health remain inconsistent globally and in Thailand. Menstrual cycles themselves can be a vital sign of ovarian health. Irregular or absent periods may signal hormonal dysfunction or metabolic issues. Simple tests—like measuring anti-Müllerian hormone levels and counting antral follicles via ultrasound—provide insights but are not widely available outside fertility clinics.
Cultural context matters in Thailand. Many view menopause as a normal life phase, which can delay medical consultation. Experts urge proactive prevention and early intervention for osteoporosis, heart disease, and cognitive decline. While traditional remedies, including phytoestrogen-rich herbs, are popular, robust clinical evidence for safety and efficacy remains limited. Public health messaging should balance respect for tradition with science-based guidance.
A personalized approach is increasingly emphasized. Tailored interventions based on hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle profiles could include regular hormone monitoring, customized hormone therapy plans, and targeted support for bone, brain, and cardiovascular health. Some advanced options, such as regenerative therapies, are still in early research stages.
Funding is a key hurdle for ovarian aging research, both globally and in Thailand. Initiatives and research grants aim to attract more attention and resources to this field, but progress is gradual.
Safety considerations are essential when delaying menopause. Extending ovarian function may increase exposure to hormones, requiring careful risk assessment for hormone-dependent cancers. The goal remains to maximize the protective endocrine functions of the ovary for as long as possible, rather than simply extending fertility.
For Thailand, empowering older women with knowledge and access to modern diagnostics and treatments offers public and personal benefits. Routine screening for menstrual history, bone density, blood pressure, and blood sugar can catch problems early. National health policy should support research, education, and affordable access to modern therapies across urban and rural areas. Open conversations about menopause and healthy aging are critical.
Practical steps for Thai women today:
- Maintain a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet.
- Engage in weight-bearing and strength-training exercise.
- Manage stress, avoid smoking, and pursue regular check-ups.
- Seek guidance from menopause specialists if symptoms are severe.
Ultimately, the ovary’s evolving role in health signals a call to action for medical communities and public health in Thailand. Understanding ovarian health as part of overall well-being—not just fertility—can help ensure healthier, more active years for Thai women. As the population ages, prioritizing menopausal health, screening, and access to safe therapies should be a national priority.
What readers can do now:
- Track menstrual health as an indicator of overall health.
- Adopt lifestyle habits that support hormonal balance.
- Talk with healthcare professionals about menopause and related health risks.
- Support research funding and public awareness on lifelong ovarian health.