A new review of over-the-counter supplements popular among people with depression has found that while some may offer benefits—particularly for those with mild to moderate symptoms—the evidence supporting most supermarket remedies remains limited and nuanced. The findings, drawing from an assessment of 209 studies and reviewed by prominent researchers at Southern Cross University, further clarify the role of widely available vitamins, herbal products, and dietary supplements in mental health care as Thai consumers face a similarly surging marketplace for such treatments.
Depression continues to be one of the leading sources of disability worldwide, affecting millions in Thailand and globally World Health Organization. The promise of easily-accessible mood boosters at local supermarkets or health shops, from fish oil capsules to herbal teas, appeals to many especially due to stigma, cost barriers, or dissatisfaction with standard antidepressant drugs. In Thailand, increased health awareness and the thriving herbal supplement market—anchored in centuries-old traditional medicine—mirror trends highlighted in the Australian research published on July 15, 2025, by The Independent (the independent).
The comprehensive review focused on adults aged 18 to 60, examining the merits of omega-3 supplements (typically from fish oil), St John’s wort, saffron, probiotics, and vitamin D. These products, including multivitamins and other plant-based remedies, enjoy significant popularity. Yet the study’s authors found that “surprisingly little research exists on these therapies compared with psychological or pharmaceutical treatments.” Only a handful have been investigated thoroughly enough to offer even moderate confidence—most, like folic acid, zinc, Rhodiola, lavender, and lemon balm, have seen only one or two clinical trials and thus cannot yet be broadly recommended.
Key findings suggest moderate evidence in support of several supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids (especially those with at least 60% eicosapentaenoic acid), St John’s wort, saffron, and vitamin D showed some measurable benefit for mild to moderate depression. Australian government reviews, echoed in this new study, also confirm the effectiveness of curcumin (from turmeric) and St John’s wort at alleviating less severe symptoms—sometimes even rivaling standard antidepressants. However, most of this evidence applies to less complex cases: “While some products have some effect in major depressive disorders—probiotics, for example—there is little evidence they’re effective in cases with many severe symptoms,” note the authors.
The report further warns about the variability of doses, quality, and actual content in over-the-counter supplements, especially with unregulated preparations. Official bodies in the UK and Australia, as well as the Thai Food and Drug Administration, have long cautioned about inconsistent standards, raising the risk that consumers might purchase low-potency or even adulterated products. This is especially concerning for St John’s wort, which functions in some ways like prescription antidepressants and can interact dangerously with medications, occasionally leading to serotonin syndrome or similar side effects (NHS).
A Clinical Psychologist at Southern Cross University emphasizes, “Most over-the-counter products are safe for mild use, but there’s still a risk of interactions. It’s essential to speak with a health professional about any supplements, especially if you’re already using prescription antidepressants.” This resonates in Thailand, where pharmacies sell a wide array of supplements and herbal products, and people regularly turn to alternative therapies alongside mainstream medicine.
Another Postdoctoral Research Fellow involved in the review highlights that the richest evidence for treating depression remains with established pharmaceuticals and talk therapy. “These are still the gold standard because they are the most studied,” they report.
A notable point is that lifestyle modifications—improving diet, increasing exercise, enhancing sleep, and incorporating yoga or mindfulness—show strong and growing evidence as effective interventions for depression. Nutritional deficits, like lack of iron or vitamin B12, can sometimes mimic or worsen depressive symptoms. For many, eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients may offer similar benefits as supplements without the risk of poor-quality products or drug interactions. Research from Thailand’s Mahidol University has also found links between diet, urban lifestyle changes, and mental health in younger populations (Mahidol University).
Indeed, these themes fit squarely within Thai cultural practices, where Buddhist mindfulness and herbal remedies have been intertwined for generations. Local ingredients such as turmeric, galangal, and various herbal teas are part of both culinary and traditional health regimens. However, as with Western supplements, the challenge is rigorous scientific validation, standardization, and clear guidance for consumers. A leading psychiatrist at Ramathibodi Hospital recently noted in a public health seminar that “Herbal supplements can complement traditional and Western medicine, but should never replace proper medical assessment and treatment for major depressive symptoms.”
Globally and in Thailand, depression rarely appears alone; it may be linked to chronic illnesses such as hypothyroidism or diabetes, and effective management should address these root causes. An expert from the Ministry of Public Health stresses the importance of “screening for underlying health problems and balancing a holistic approach with evidence-based medical care.”
The authors of the Australia-based review emphasize that while “some herbal and nutritional supplements do appear to have a potentially beneficial effect for less severe forms of depression,” for most products, “there is still not enough evidence to make definitive recommendations.” They further urge healthcare professionals and patients to be mindful of quality variation, appropriate dosing, and the risk of interactions—recommendations echoed by Thai medical authorities and the Thai FDA (Thai FDA).
Looking ahead, experts anticipate more robust clinical trials and better regulations for supplement quality and labeling. As Thailand’s herbal innovation sector grows, with local universities and medical schools investing in research, the hope is to better understand which traditional remedies are effective—allowing safer, more informed choices for consumers.
For Thai readers seeking actionable guidance, the consensus is clear: Talk to a healthcare professional—a general practitioner, clinical psychologist, or registered dietitian—before beginning any herbal or nutritional supplement for depression. This is especially critical if you already take prescription medications or have chronic health conditions. Emphasize lifestyle improvements and seek out community mental health resources, which are expanding under recent public health initiatives in Thailand (National Health Security Office). Recognize that while supplements can be part of a broader wellness strategy, professional evaluation, evidence-based therapies, and a nutritious diet remain the foundation of good mental health.
For individuals experiencing persistent sadness, loss of interest, or thoughts of self-harm, support is available via the Department of Mental Health hotline (1323) and community health centers nationwide.
For more about the study on which this report is based, see the original article on The Independent: Do supermarket treatments for depression work? An expert weighs in.