A growing body of research is raising questions about erythritol, a popular sugar substitute found in many “no sugar added” and sugar-free products. New laboratory findings suggest potential effects on brain cells and vascular function, prompting calls for more comprehensive human studies. The study’s authors emphasize that results come from lab models and may not reflect real-world outcomes, but they align with earlier observations linking higher erythritol levels to increased cardiovascular risk in some population studies.
In Thailand, health-conscious trends are shaping everyday choices. Sugar-free and low-sugar products are increasingly visible in supermarkets, convenience stores, and dessert shops as people pursue healthier options. Thai health policies—designed to curb sugar consumption—continue to promote alternatives, including non-nutritive sweeteners.
Erythritol is a nearly calorie-free sugar alcohol that is about 80% as sweet as sugar and has minimal impact on blood glucose and insulin. Its popularity extends to keto and low-carbohydrate diets, and many Thai products labeled “no sugar added” or “sugar-free” contain erythritol. The latest findings prompt consideration of how these products might affect long-term health, particularly for individuals with cardiovascular risk.
The laboratory study examined brain microvascular endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels in the brain. Cells were exposed to erythritol amounts comparable to a typical sugar-free drink. The results showed reduced production of nitric oxide, a molecule that helps blood vessels relax. There were also higher levels of endothelin-1, a compound that constricts vessels, and a decrease in a clot-dissolving enzyme. Additionally, researchers observed increased reactive oxygen species, which can contribute to cellular stress. While these changes occurred in cells in a controlled setting, they signal a need for cautious interpretation and further human research.
Experts caution readers not to jump to conclusions. The experiments were conducted in the lab, not in people, and more robust clinical trials are needed to determine real-world effects. Still, epidemiological data from other regions have linked higher erythritol levels with greater risk of heart attack and stroke in some populations over several years. Moderation and informed choices are advised as scientists pursue clearer answers.
For Thai readers, these findings intersect with ongoing public health priorities. Thailand faces rising rates of diabetes and obesity, with national data underscoring the importance of dietary choices. Government efforts to reduce sugar consumption—through awareness campaigns and taxes on sugary beverages—have increased interest in alternatives like erythritol. This context underscores the need for clear labeling and ongoing safety evaluations.
Thai culinary culture celebrates natural sweetness in desserts and beverages. Traditional Thai sweets and drinks have long relied on sugar, with modern adaptations increasingly using substitutes. The new research highlights the importance of understanding how sugar alternatives fit within Thai dietary patterns, especially for older adults and individuals with cardiovascular risk factors.
Global health experts advocate more Southeast Asia–focused research on non-nutritive sweeteners. Local evidence could clarify interactions between genetics, diet, and baseline health. Policy discussions may consider refining intake guidelines and strengthening labeling, particularly for products marketed to children, diabetics, and seniors.
What should readers do now? Moderation remains practical. If you rely on sugar-free products, reassess overall eating patterns, limit processed foods with sugar substitutes, and emphasize whole foods such as fresh fruit, whole grains, and legumes. When shopping, check ingredient lists for erythritol and other sugar alcohols, and avoid overconsumption. Public health educators can help by explaining potential risks associated with high intake of non-nutritive sweeteners.
In sum, erythritol is still permitted by major health authorities and widely used as a sugar alternative. However, emerging evidence suggests potential health considerations with regular or high consumption. A cautious, informed approach—along with ongoing research—serves Thai consumers best as science evolves.
Data from ongoing international studies and health organizations emphasize the need for country-specific data to guide local recommendations. The World Health Organization and Thailand’s health authorities advocate balanced, informed use of sugar substitutes while promoting healthier dietary patterns overall.