A nationwide survey released in mid-2025 shows a sharp decline in hepatitis C prevalence across Thailand, highlighting decades of prevention and screening success. Conducted across four regions with more than 6,000 participants, the study found an overall infection rate of 0.56 percent, down from 2.15 percent in 2004 and 0.94 percent in 2014. Health authorities view Thailand’s progress as a model of effective public health investment and collaboration.
Hepatitis C is often called the “silent” infection because many people have no symptoms until extensive liver damage occurs. Thai health leaders emphasize broad screening, especially for high-risk groups and individuals born before 1992, the year universal HBV vaccination began for newborns. The Ministry of Public Health has adopted a dual “test-and-treat” approach, offering rapid diagnostic testing, molecular confirmation, and access to direct-acting antivirals that cure up to 95 percent of cases.
Why this matters locally: chronic hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and premature death. Historically, the burden has affected high-risk populations such as people who inject drugs, individuals with HIV, dialysis patients, and incarcerated people. Over the past decade, Thailand expanded screening, mandated blood testing in hospitals, and broadened treatment access through public health programs to curb transmission and improve outcomes.
The 2024 study underscores the magnitude of Thailand’s achievement. Only 0.18 percent of participants tested positive for hepatitis C antibodies, with even lower rates among those born after 1992, indicating a substantial reduction in new infections among younger generations. Demographically adjusted estimates suggest about 364,000 Thais carry antibodies, while fewer than 232,000 have active viral RNA. By comparison, about 1.4 million people were carriers in 2004, illustrating the impact of sustained surveillance, education, and safe medical practices.
Researchers from a leading Bangkok university say the findings confirm that effective screening and preventive measures have driven down prevalence in the general population. While younger groups show clear progress, health professionals caution that individuals aged 32 and older—especially in rural areas and the northern provinces—should continue to be screened. Elimination remains within reach, but targeted interventions are essential for those born before 1992 and other high-risk groups.
Experts stress cautious optimism: epidemiologists note that while population-wide prevalence declines, ongoing vigilance is necessary for groups historically left out of screenings or with limited access to care. The World Health Organization’s Southeast Asia office has praised Thailand for its integrated approach to viral hepatitis elimination, highlighting advanced diagnostics, stringent blood safety, and strong public engagement. Government spokespeople frame the progress as a testament to government, academia, and community collaboration.
Policy and practice are shifting toward universal coverage. The National Health Security Office funds rapid testing and pan-genotypic antiviral treatment for all identified chronic hepatitis C cases, not just high-risk groups. Since 2021, Thailand has introduced sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapies and subsidized generics, making a full 12-week course affordable for most patients with cure rates near 100 percent and minimal side effects. Outreach remains a priority for rural and urban communities to ensure equitable access.
Public engagement has mattered as well. Awareness campaigns around World Hepatitis Day educate millions about testing and prevention. Given stigma around liver disease in some communities, privacy and cultural sensitivity are crucial. Village health volunteers and community workers play a central role in spreading information, coordinating screenings, and supporting follow-up care, especially for older adults and residents of remote areas.
Thailand’s experience resonates beyond its borders. Regional peers pursue similar goals, with varying degrees of success. The broader regional context, including neighboring countries with different screening and treatment coverage, reinforces the value of Thailand’s model—combining medical innovation with strong public health systems.
Looking ahead, challenges remain for aging cohorts and marginalized groups. Health authorities urge people born before 1992 and those with risk factors to seek testing. The NHSO and Ministry of Public Health emphasize screening for those with abnormal liver function, pregnant women, and people living with HIV. Developments such as affordable self-testing kits in Southeast Asia may accelerate detection and treatment uptake.
Experts emphasize sustained investment in surveillance and outreach to marginalized populations. Thailand’s progress demonstrates what is possible with steady leadership, research, and community engagement. Elimination is not guaranteed, but the trajectory is promising with continued attention and funding.
The takeaway for Thai readers is clear: hepatitis C is highly curable when detected early. If you are 32 or older or have risk factors, testing is essential. Treatment is safe, effective, and typically completed within three months.
Practical steps for individuals and families in Thailand:
- If you were born before 1992 or have risk factors, schedule a hepatitis C screening at your local public health clinic.
- Encourage elders and those with health conditions to participate in annual health checks.
- Avoid sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes, and ensure procedures are performed by licensed professionals.
- If you test positive, discuss direct-acting antiviral options with clinic staff and explore NHSO coverage.
- Stay informed via trusted sources from the Ministry of Public Health and village health volunteers.
- Support ongoing elimination efforts by fostering open dialogue about liver health and maintaining funding and research.
Thailand’s path toward becoming one of Asia’s first hepatitis C elimination success stories offers a hopeful blueprint for the region. With vigilant public health leadership, medical innovation, and active community participation, the silent infection is increasingly manageable and preventable.
In partnership with health authorities, researchers, and communities, Thailand continues to demonstrate that elimination is achievable when everyone plays a part.