A decade-long study suggests that regular walking can meaningfully slow cognitive decline, especially for individuals with higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Presented at the 2025 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, the research followed nearly 3,000 adults aged 70 to 79. Participants who maintained or increased daily walking performed better on processing speed and executive tasks than those who were sedentary. The findings imply that small daily activity gains can matter for brain health.
Thailand faces a growing dementia challenge as its population ages. National and local studies indicate varied dementia prevalence among Thais, with Alzheimer’s disease constituting roughly half of cases. With the elderly population expected to nearly double by 2050, experts stress that simple lifestyle changes, such as more walking, could delay cognitive decline. Local data support the idea that modest increases in activity yield meaningful benefits.
The study examined walking habits alongside cognitive measures focused on memory and executive function, including planning and decision-making. Benefits were strongest among individuals carrying the APOE4 gene variant, a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. Global research estimates that 15–25% of people carry APOE4, and Thai studies have corroborated its impact on brain health. A lead author stressed reducing sedentary time and incorporating short walking breaks between sitting periods.
Alzheimer’s disease involves amyloid plaques that disrupt brain cell communication, leading to memory loss and functional decline. Genetics influence risk, with APOE4 affecting the brain’s ability to clear these plaques. The link between genetics, inflammation, and cognitive health has been a focus across diverse populations, including Thais.
Importantly, the study did not prescribe a fixed step target or rigid schedule. It emphasized that any increase in daily movement is beneficial. While more research is needed to define exact step counts, the consensus is that greater activity generally yields better outcomes. Previous evidence also suggests that moderate activity, roughly 3,800 steps per day, can meaningfully reduce dementia risk.
Why walking helps the brain remains an active area of study. Exercise appears to raise brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein supporting brain cell growth and connectivity. Neuroscience experts note that physical activity also influences immune cells in the brain, potentially reducing chronic inflammation linked to Alzheimer’s. In short, regular movement may bolster the brain’s resilience at the cellular level.
For Thai families and older adults, the message is practical and hopeful. Thailand’s cultural practices include park walks and community-friendly activities that align with increasing daily steps. Local research highlights the protective effects of familiar forms of exercise on cognitive health, making walking a culturally appropriate strategy for aging well.
Experts advocate practical, culturally resonant guidance: encourage short, regular walking breaks—inside the home, in gardens, or along neighborhood routes—rather than long, strenuous outings. Caregivers can also benefit from shared activity, as movement supports caregiver well-being and patient care quality.
While the study’s findings are promising, researchers caution that more work is needed to confirm minimum exposure levels and to understand variations by gender and genetic profile. The core takeaway remains clear: starting to move sooner yields benefits, and consistency often trumps intensity. A leading researcher notes that choosing enjoyable activities boosts adherence and long-term benefits.
In Thailand, where multigenerational households and community parks are common, walking could become a cornerstone of healthy aging. Local governments, temples, and health organizations can promote walking clubs and community events that make movement social and accessible for seniors.
Looking ahead, researchers aim to tailor activity recommendations by genetic risk and individual health status. With rising dementia rates, simple, low-cost interventions like regular walking are valuable for public health planning in Thai communities.
Practical steps for Thai families: start with small, achievable walking goals, then gradually increase pace or duration. Walking with friends or family adds motivation. Create supportive environments—safe walkways, shaded routes, and community programs—to sustain momentum and make walking a lasting habit.
The evidence is clear: walking is a powerful, affordable tool in fighting Alzheimer’s. As new findings emerge, Thai society can protect brain health through everyday movement. Step by step, Thailand can pursue a future with sharper minds and more active, fulfilling lives.