For centuries, the humble leaves of the Morus alba tree—known in Thailand as “หม่อน” or “มอน” in the Northeast—have been valued both as a nourishing food for silkworms and as a cornerstone of traditional herbal remedies. But in recent decades, white mulberry leaf has been rediscovered by health enthusiasts, scientists, and wellness practitioners as a botanical treasure trove with a remarkable intersection of cultural heritage and biomedical promise. Today, as researchers probe the centuries-old claims of Thai and East Asian herbalists, Morus alba stands as a sterling example of how traditional wisdom and scientific inquiry can enrich one another.
In Thai villages, mulberry leaves have long played supporting roles in wellness rituals—boiled in teas to cool fevers, blended into tonics for strengthening and recovery, and even served on local dining tables as a nutritious green. According to practitioners of Thai traditional medicine, these leaves are believed to promote liver health, act as mild diuretics, and reduce symptoms of “wind”-associated ailments, a concept rooted in humoral health systems. Their esteemed place in the Thai Pharmacopoeia, as well as their integration into modern herbal clinics, underscores their enduring cultural significance (Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences). This deep respect is mirrored in other Asian countries, where “sang ye” in traditional Chinese medicine, for instance, is a classic herbal asset for cooling the body and easing coughs—reflecting East Asia’s shared botanical heritage.
But what makes Morus alba especially intriguing today is the mounting body of scientific evidence that sheds light on these traditional claims. Laboratory analyses and clinical studies confirm that white mulberry leaves brim with potent phytochemicals—including alkaloids, flavonoids (such as rutin and quercetin), and unique compounds like 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). These bioactive substances are capable of influencing blood sugar regulation, lipid metabolism, and even possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare; Healthline).
Arguably the most headline-grabbing scientific validation is white mulberry’s ability to help lower postprandial (after-meal) blood glucose spikes. The presence of DNJ, a natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, slows the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby blunting sudden sugar surges after starchy meals. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that regular consumption of Morus alba leaf extract can improve glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes, improve HDL cholesterol levels (the “good” cholesterol), and modestly support weight management (ScienceDirect). A 12-week intervention in diabetic adults saw notable benefits not only in glucose profiles but in cardiovascular health markers as well. These modern findings echo the traditional Thai practice of using mulberry to address “sweet urine disease,” a folk reference long associated with diabetes.
Beyond blood sugar regulation, the leaves and fruits of Morus alba are now recognized for their broad-reaching bioactive potential. Reviews summarizing animal and cell studies find evidence for anti-atherosclerotic, hepatoprotective (liver-protecting), antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects (Biomed Pharma Journal). These activities are attributed to the diverse cocktail of antioxidants found in the leaves and berries, which help scavenge damaging free radicals and support healthy inflammatory responses. In one clinical trial, mulberry extract supplementation appeared to support weight reduction, likely through a combination of appetite moderation, improved glucose tolerance, and increased energy metabolism.
Yet, as with all health trends, it’s important to approach the white mulberry renaissance with realistic expectations and a discerning eye. While a number of small-scale human studies report some positive metabolic effects, researchers caution that more rigorous, large-scale clinical trials are still needed to determine optimal dosages, long-term safety, and the full spectrum of potential benefits and risks (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health; PMC - Mulberry Fruit).
Traditional Thai preparation often involves drying and brewing the leaves into teas, which can be enjoyed hot or cold. Herbalists may also blend Morus alba into multi-herb formulas with local botanicals such as lemongrass, jasmine, or pandanus, creating fragrant infusions prized for both taste and therapeutic warmth. In Isan cooking, the tender young leaves sometimes find their way into soups and omelettes, offering a subtle, slightly earthy flavor and a host of micronutrients including iron, calcium, and vitamin C. Such versatile culinary and medicinal uses ensure the mulberry remains rooted in daily life as well as ritual.
But is Morus alba truly safe for everyone? Toxicological studies and centuries of dietary use generally support the assertion that mulberry leaves are “largely harmless” when consumed in appropriate amounts (PMC Comprehensive Review). Even animal husbandry research supports the inclusion of Morus alba leaves in livestock feed at remarkably high proportions, with no significant health detriments observed. Nevertheless, white mulberry products are not without caveats. Reported side effects, though uncommon and typically mild, include digestive upset, bloating, or mild dizziness. Experts advise individuals with chronic gastrointestinal conditions, or those on hypoglycemic medications, to consult with healthcare professionals before integrating concentrated extracts or supplements into their regime (WebMD; NCCIH). Most sources also recommend avoiding the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data. Importantly, the increasing popularity of white mulberry as a weight-management aid has led to a proliferation of dietary supplements, some of which may not disclose full ingredient lists or dosage accuracy—underscoring the need for consumers to select reputable brands that provide proper quality assurance.
Beyond their direct health benefits, white mulberry leaves animate many aspects of Thai history and culture. The plant’s arrival on Thai soil has been linked to the spread of sericulture (silkworm farming) from China, with mulberry groves famously dotting the landscape in provinces like Khon Kaen, Roi Et, and Surin. These groves are not only a foundation for the country’s prized silk industry—epitomized by iconic Mudmee silk patterns—but also reshape the rural economy by blending agriculture, craftsmanship, and herbal healing. Today, agro-tourism and OTOP (One Tambon One Product) initiatives highlight mulberry-based herbal teas and foods as both cultural artifacts and economic drivers. Some Thai festivals even feature mulberry-inspired health and beauty products, emphasizing the enduring affection for this ancient plant.
As Morus alba becomes the subject of patent applications and global wellness marketing, its traditional knowledge base is at risk of being overlooked or commodified. Thai herbalists and policymakers advocate for fair acknowledgment and support for local wisdom, urging that both scientific and indigenous expertise inform future development. The World Health Organization and the Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine encourage further clinical research while endorsing the responsible, culturally sensitive promotion of herbal medicine (NCCIH).
Yet, as we look to the future, Morus alba is poised to become much more than a relic of folk medicine. Advances in biotechnology could reveal new bioactive compounds that inspire pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods tailored for modern life. At the same time, eco-friendly farming and community-led innovation continue to ensure that this adaptable tree remains rooted in both fields and pharmacies. As global interest grows, Thailand has an opportunity to lead by example in harmonizing scientific rigor with cultural pride.
For Thai readers contemplating Morus alba as part of a wellness routine, here are some practical tips: Begin with traditional preparations—brewing a simple leaf tea or adding young leaves to local recipes—to experience the gentle benefits first-hand. If considering extracts or commercial supplements, look for products with clear labeling, third-party testing, and realistic health claims, always prioritizing quality over quantity. Above all, remember that while Morus alba offers compelling promise, it is best viewed—and enjoyed—as a complement to a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, not a cure-all panacea. And as with any herbal remedy, consulting with a qualified healthcare provider is essential, particularly for those managing chronic illnesses or taking prescription medications.
The story of Morus alba—woven into silk, whispered through ancient texts, and vindicated in modern laboratories—reminds us that the marriage of tradition and science can yield a tapestry of health possibilities. By respecting the old and embracing the new, Thai society stands to benefit both from ancestral wisdom and the ongoing pursuit of evidence-based wellbeing.
For educational purposes only: This article is intended to provide a balanced overview of the uses, benefits, and scientific research related to Morus alba (white mulberry). It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult an appropriately licensed healthcare provider before using any traditional herbal remedy, especially if you have underlying medical conditions or are taking prescription medicines.
Sources: Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health PMC – Mulberry Fruit Clinical Review Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare ScienceDirect – Morus Alba T2DM Study Biomed Pharma Journal Review Healthline – White Mulberry WebMD – White Mulberry PMC Comprehensive Review