The significance of safeguarding Buddhism in Thai society has been a matter of deep discussion, reflection, and collective action for centuries. In a country where Buddhism shapes not only spiritual beliefs but also the social and cultural fabric, understanding and practicing the preservation of Buddhism — “การธำรงรักษาพุทธศาสนา” — is more relevant than ever. This article explores what the preservation of Buddhism involves, why it matters especially in the Thai context, how it has evolved historically, and what both individuals and society at large can do to ensure Buddhism remains a living, breathing force in Thailand now and for generations to come.
To many Thais, Buddhism is their compass — a foundation for family, nation, morality, and daily life. Yet, the challenges of modernity, globalization, and shifting societal values have placed new stresses on the religious tradition that has flourished here for over 2,500 years. With the fast-growing influence of digital technology and rapid socioeconomic change, the question stands: How can Thais collectively ensure that Buddhism continues to thrive, inspire ethical living, and contribute to societal harmony? The preservation of Buddhism, far from being merely a responsibility of the monastic community, is a dynamic and inclusive duty, calling on every Thai to be “guardians of the dhamma.”
At the heart of the issue lies a fundamental question: what does it mean to preserve Buddhism? According to various leading Thai Buddhist educators and textual sources, to preserve Buddhism does not mean merely maintaining outward religious forms or rituals but refers essentially to ensuring the propagation, practice, and internalization of the core Buddhist teachings and values within both individuals and the larger community (TruePlookpanya, TruePlookpanya). The term encompasses efforts to prevent the decline of morality, knowledge, and faith, and covers both lay and monastic responsibilities.
“Preservation of Buddhism involves several dimensions,” explained a senior lecturer at a leading Buddhist studies faculty in a recent online module (mooc.klw.ac.th). “It begins with individual practice, moves to the family unit, and extends outward to society at large.”
Historically, the preservation of Buddhism in Thailand took root through three central pillars: the monastic community (Sangha), state patronage, and the engagement of laypeople. The Sangha has traditionally functioned as the custodian of Buddhist teachings, interpreting, teaching, and upholding the Vinaya (monastic discipline) as well as the Dhamma (doctrine). Meanwhile, Thai kings and government officials have, since the Sukhothai period, played crucial roles in supporting monastic education, building temples, and legislating in favor of Buddhism’s preeminence in national life.
Over generations, this system has evolved to meet new challenges. Following the reforms of King Rama V, state involvement in monastic education and administration became more pronounced. The Sangha Act of B.E. 2505 (1962) established formal administrative structures to ensure unity and discipline within the monastic order (มหาเถรสมาคม). Modern policies have continued to underscore the protection of Buddhist values while also promoting religious tolerance.
The key factors for the preservation of Buddhism are outlined in both canonical scriptures (such as the Tipitaka) and in modern interpretations from Thai Buddhist thinkers. These include:
- Faith and correct understanding (Saddhā and Sammādiṭṭhi): True faith must be coupled with correct comprehension of the dhamma. Blind belief or mere ritual observance is seen as inadequate.
- Practice (Paṭipatti): The embodiment of Buddhist teachings through moral conduct, meditation, and wisdom. Without active practice, knowledge risks becoming inert.
- Dissemination (Pariyatti): Ensuring the accurate transmission and teaching of Buddhist texts and principles, both within monasteries and in secular educational settings.
- Moral and communal engagement: Supporting the welfare of society, promoting unity, and encouraging ethical behavior in all spheres of life.
As noted in a widely used Thai high school social studies text, “A Buddhist society cannot sustain itself if its members simply pay lip-service to the dhamma or confine their practice to ceremonies. Real preservation means living the teachings in everyday action, in the home, workplace, and community” (TruePlookpanya).
Modern challenges to Buddhist preservation have multiplied. The decline in the number of young men undertaking temporary ordination, the commercialization of religious artifacts and ritual, controversies over temple finances, and the intrusion of consumerist and individualist values have all raised concerns. Digital technology, while expanding the reach of Buddhist teachings, also exposes individuals to misinformation and superficial or “pop” Buddhist content. A recent study from a university faculty of social sciences found that over 60% of Thai youth receive their first exposure to Buddhism through online media — a development that is both promising and risky (mooc.klw.ac.th).
A Buddhist studies faculty expert highlighted, “We need to balance reverence for tradition with the need for new, accessible forms of dhamma education, while also equipping the Sangha and lay teachers with digital literacy to counteract misinformation.”
Despite these headwinds, there are also promising trends. Buddhist youth camps, dhamma clubs, online discussion forums, and school-based meditation programs are making headway in engaging younger generations with the living practice of Buddhism (TruePlookpanya, TruePlookpanya). Interfaith dialogue and community service projects, too, build understanding and showcase the relevance of Buddhist compassion and active engagement in the modern world.
Key recommendations, widely supported by senior monks and religious educators, include:
- Revitalizing religious education in schools by focusing on dhamma practice and ethical application rather than rote learning or formalistic ritual.
- Supporting temporary ordination and lay monastic experiences for youth as a means to strengthen personal discipline and societal attachment to Buddhist values.
- Expanding online dhamma content that is accurate, engaging, and suitable for different age groups.
- Encouraging family-based dhamma activities and the development of Buddhist values at home.
- Promoting transparency and accountability in temple management and charity.
Preservation of Buddhism is not a passive act of maintenance but a dynamic, ongoing process. It requires the creativity, energy, and commitment of both monastic and lay communities. As a senior abbot in central Thailand recently stated, “If each generation understands the essence of Buddhism not just as inheritance, but as a living tool for ethical living and critical thinking, the path of dhamma will never disappear.”
The long arc of Thai history shows the resilience of Buddhism in adjusting to new circumstances without losing its heart. Today, every Thai — young or old, teacher or student, monk or layperson — has a role as a steward of the dhamma. This begins with daily mindfulness, ethical choices, and support for communal Buddhist activities, and grows outward into active engagement in the preservation and renewal of this invaluable spiritual legacy.
For practical action, every Thai can:
- Participate regularly in dhamma study and meditation groups.
- Consult reliable online dhamma resources and encourage digital literacy with Buddhist content in younger family members.
- Support local temples and monastic projects, not just financially but through volunteering, sharing skills, or facilitating dialogue on relevant topics.
- Promote dhamma-informed values such as honesty, generosity, and patience in professional and community settings.
- Encourage and model critical reflection, not just ritual observance.
- Open avenues for youth engagement, ensuring Buddhism remains a vibrant, living force rather than simply a relic of the past.
By embracing these approaches, Thai society can not only preserve Buddhism but also ensure its ongoing capacity to guide, heal, and inspire in a rapidly changing world. Through small, daily acts as well as larger community initiatives, the preservation of Buddhism will remain strong, offering light and guidance to future generations (TruePlookpanya, TruePlookpanya, mooc.klw.ac.th).