#Archaeology

A new archaeological study has shaken up what we thought we knew about ancient Roman dining, revealing that the “fast food” culture of the empire went well beyond bread and olives. Recent excavations in Spain have shown that ordinary Romans, not just the elite, frequently enjoyed fried songbirds—especially thrushes—at bustling roadside eateries, according to a study in the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology (The Independent).

The finding comes from a detailed analysis of ancient animal bones excavated from a cesspit in the city of Pollentia on Mallorca, dating to the period spanning the first century BC to the first century AD. Archaeologists uncovered the remains of mammals, fish, reptiles, and, most notably, a significant number of small thrush bones discarded at the site of a commercial district. These culinary scraps provide a surprisingly intimate glimpse into the eating habits of Roman commoners and challenge the notion that such delicacies were reserved solely for the wealthy.

A groundbreaking study of ancient genomes from Yunnan, China, is rewriting the history books on the origins and diversity of East Asian populations—with implications reaching as far as Thailand and Southeast Asia. Published in the prestigious journal Science, the research analyzed DNA from 127 ancient humans spanning a remarkable 7,100 to 1,400 years ago. The comprehensive genetic findings challenge previous assumptions about migration, ancestry, and the emergence of linguistic groups still thriving across the region today (Science).

A dazzling 1,600-year-old Byzantine mosaic—hailed as one of the most beautiful found in Israel—was recently unveiled for public viewing in the Western Negev Desert, marking an extraordinary revival of ancient heritage for scholars and travelers alike. This remarkable work of early Christian art, known as the Be’er Shema (Birsama) mosaic, traces its origins back to 324–638 CE and now takes pride of place at the Merhavim Regional Council headquarters after decades of meticulous conservation efforts (ArchaeologyMag.com).

A recently published investigation into the enigmatic burial traditions of early medieval England has shed light on a unique archaeological find: a 1,500-year-old copper-alloy bucket, once a rare import from the Byzantine Empire, has been identified as a cremation burial vessel at the renowned Sutton Hoo site. This breakthrough, announced by the National Trust and detailed in a CBS News report, marks a significant advance in understanding Anglo-Saxon funerary customs and the extensive trade and diplomatic links across Eurasia during the 6th century.

Archaeologists in Egypt have revealed the discovery of three ancient tombs in Luxor, believed to belong to distinguished statesmen from the New Kingdom era (1550–1070 BCE), a period acclaimed for its monumental architecture and flourishing Egyptian civilization. Announced by Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, these findings shed striking new light on both the social hierarchy and religious customs of the time, offering the world a glimpse into the lives of ancient Egypt’s upper echelons.

A remarkable discovery in a secluded Mexican cave is rewriting history: what initially looked like modern garbage has turned out to be a collection of sacred, 500-year-old artifacts used in fertility rituals, according to a recent report by Ynetnews (ynetnews.com). This find offers new insights into the spiritual life and ceremonial practices of pre-Hispanic cultures, reverberating far beyond its mountainous origins for readers around the globe, including Thailand.

In September 2023, a professional cave mapper and a local guide ventured deep into Tlayócoc—known as “Badger Cave” in the Nahuatl language—set high in the rugged terrain of Guerrero state, Mexico, at an elevation of about 2,380 meters. This remote cave, previously untouched for approximately five centuries, was thought to contain nothing more than water and bat guano. What awaited the explorers, however, altered their understanding of the past: 14 mysterious objects hidden under a flood-prone passageway, including shell bracelets, an ornate sea snail shell, engraved stone discs, and charred wood.

In a breakthrough experiment combining archaeology and adventure, a Lund University archaeologist has rekindled centuries-old Viking maritime practices by sailing along the Norwegian coast using only technology available during the Viking Age. The research, recently published in the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, illuminates how the formidable Scandinavian sailors may have navigated the unpredictable waters of northern Europe, filling in critical gaps about their journeys between well-known trading centers.

A remarkable archaeological discovery has captivated both experts and enthusiasts: amateur archaeologists have unearthed an intricately carved 1,800-year-old depiction of an ancient goddess, offering rare insights into the region’s spiritual past. The find, recently reported by international media, highlights how citizen science can contribute significantly to our understanding of ancient cultures and religious beliefs, while also sparking local and global interest in heritage preservation.

This news resonates widely as it demonstrates that archaeological treasures are not only uncovered by professionals but can also emerge through the dedication and curiosity of everyday individuals. The carving, estimated to date back to the Roman period around the 3rd century CE, represents a figure believed to be associated with ancient goddess worship. Such depictions are invaluable for historians seeking to reconstruct the religious landscape of antiquity and shed light on the role of women and goddesses in early societies. According to initial reports, the discovery site and identity of the goddess are undergoing further research, as specialists aim to authenticate the find and fully understand its context (AOL News).

Archaeologists have unveiled a major historical find in north Mississippi: the remains of a kiln believed to be over 100 years old, potentially dating back to the post-Civil War era and possibly used by freed slaves. The excavation, conducted by a team from Chronicle Heritage during a land survey for infrastructure development, promises to add a vital chapter to the understanding of African American life and labor in the region during the late 19th century (The Commercial Appeal).

A powerful 6.4-magnitude earthquake that struck central Croatia in December 2020 has led to the extraordinary unearthing of a long-lost Roman odeon beneath Sisak’s City Hall, reshaping the modern city’s connection to its ancient past and providing a unique window into life more than two millennia ago. The accidental discovery was made during repairs to the historic 1914 City Hall building, which was being renovated due to earthquake damage. Archaeologists and workers stumbled upon a remarkably well-preserved semicircular stone structure—immediately recognizable as a Roman odeon, an intimate performance venue used for music and politics during the Roman Empire (arkeonews.net).

A new archaeological investigation has shattered long-held beliefs regarding one of Britain’s most notorious ancient massacres, suggesting a tale of clashing noble dynasties—more reminiscent of the brutal family feuds in “Game of Thrones” than the sweeping conquests of the Roman Empire. The research, centred on Maiden Castle in Dorset, rewrites decades of historical interpretation, revealing that the site’s mass grave likely records an Iron Age power struggle between rival aristocratic factions rather than Roman invaders wiping out indigenous Britons (The Independent).

Archaeologists have uncovered groundbreaking evidence about the construction and purpose of the Gobi Wall, overturning decades-old assumptions about this enigmatic, 321-kilometre section of East Asia’s medieval wall system. The findings, published recently in the academic journal Land, illuminate how the Gobi Wall—long shrouded in mystery—served as much more than a simple defensive barrier across the highland deserts of Mongolia (sci.news).

For generations, the immense network of ancient walls snaking across northern China and Mongolia sparked speculation among historians and archaeologists. Often lumped alongside the mighty Great Wall of China, the Gobi Wall’s origins, function, and historical context remained largely unexplored, especially in the harsh, arid stretches of southern Mongolia’s Ömnögovi province. This new research changes that, unveiling a dynamic narrative of imperial ambition, frontier management, and environmental adaptation.

New research from Spain has revealed a striking find: a Neanderthal may have intentionally created a piece of art with just a single, ochre-marked touch, rewriting long-held assumptions about human and Neanderthal creativity. The discovery, outlined in a new study published in the journal Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, elevates the prehistoric record and deepens our understanding of the Neanderthal mind AOL News.

At the center of this revelation is an 8-inch-long quartz-rich granite pebble, excavated in 2022 from a rock shelter in central Spain. Thought to be between 42,000 and 43,000 years old, the pebble itself features curves and indentations that, to modern eyes, give it the uncanny appearance of a human face. But what captivated archaeologists most was a single, vivid red dot placed exactly where the “nose” would be. Forensics carried out by Spanish police confirmed what was invisible to the naked eye: the mark was a fingerprint made with ochre—an earth pigment commonly used in prehistoric times—applied purposefully by a Neanderthal finger AOL News.

A new wave of archaeological research is shining a light on the resourcefulness of prehistoric societies, revealing that hunter-gatherers living on Europe’s Atlantic coast nearly 20,000 years ago fashioned sophisticated tools from the bones of massive whales. The recent findings, published in the high-impact journal Nature Communications, not only offer a rare glimpse into early human innovation but also enrich the global narrative of how ancient peoples adapted to and thrived in challenging coastal environments (Nature Communications, Reuters).

The race to read the lost words of Ancient Rome has entered a new era of speed and precision as researchers leverage powerful scientific tools to decipher carbonized papyrus scrolls buried for nearly two millennia. Recent advancements, highlighted by an article in The Economist (economist.com), reveal that the laborious process of recovering text from the “Herculaneum scrolls”—once a slow crawl—has shifted into a faster, more promising phase, thanks to cutting-edge particle accelerator technology.

A groundbreaking archaeological discovery has brought to light evidence of a 140,000-year-old “sunken world” hidden beneath the ocean floor, astonishing scientists with its trove of ancient megafauna and what appears to be an entirely missing species. This revelation, detailed this week in the international science news, offers rare insights into prehistoric life and has the potential to rewrite our understanding of human and animal migration during shifting climate epochs.

The significance of this find resonates well beyond the realm of pure archaeology. For Thai readers, it is a vivid reminder of Southeast Asia’s own submerged landscapes, such as the Sundaland region now beneath the Gulf of Thailand—an area believed to be a cradle of early human migration and biodiversity during the Last Glacial Maximum. These submerged worlds hold clues to the profound transformations driven by past climate events, informing Thailand’s ongoing dialogue about environmental change, ocean conservation, and regional prehistory.

A remarkable discovery in Jerusalem is reshaping our understanding of early Christian practices and challenging long-held assumptions about gender roles in religious asceticism. Archaeologists excavating a Byzantine-era monastery have unearthed skeletal remains—most notably, a tooth and three vertebrae entwined in chains—that provide the strongest evidence to date that women participated in extreme forms of ascetic self-punishment previously believed to be reserved solely for men. This finding, recently published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, not only broadens the historical narrative of Christian asceticism but also brings new perspectives to global discussions on the evolution of gender and spirituality.