#Autism

A new study identifies interleukin-34 (IL-34) as a critical cue that guides early brain development by directing microglia, the brain’s immune cells, on when to prune synapses. Proper IL-34 timing helps build resilient neural networks and supports later emotional health, learning, and cognition. Researchers describe IL-34 as a signal that tells microglia when to start and stop pruning during infancy.

Traditionally, microglia were seen mainly as defenders against infection. The findings now show they actively shape brain architecture as well. Supported by national health research funding and dementia-focused philanthropic support, the work demonstrates that normal IL-34 signaling enables microglia to engage at the right moments. When IL-34 functions correctly, pruning proceeds in a balanced, developmentally appropriate way.

A growing body of research and personal testimony is beginning to reveal a silent epidemic facing families across the globe: the complex emotional burden shouldered by parents of neurodivergent children. As explored in a recent Psychology Today article, many parents struggle with feelings of guilt, exhaustion, and isolation—but these feelings are all too often hidden behind a facade of resilience. Recognizing and addressing the needs of these families is increasingly acknowledged as a crucial, yet often overlooked, part of supporting neurodivergent individuals themselves.

A prominent psychiatrist has expressed deep remorse over his role in transforming the landscape of autism in America—a change that saw US autism rates leap from 1 in 2,000 children in the 1980s to approximately 1 in 31 today. The surge, he says, is largely attributable to expanded diagnostic criteria introduced in the 1990s and further broadened in the 2010s, with far-reaching consequences for families, public health policy, and social attitudes across the globe—including in Thailand.

A respected psychiatrist expresses regret over how autism understanding expanded in the United States, a shift that helped drive a sharp rise in diagnosed cases—from about 1 in 2,000 children in the 1980s to roughly 1 in 31 today. He says broader criteria in the 1990s and again in the 2010s reshaped families, health policy, and social attitudes worldwide, including in Thailand.

This reflection comes from a prominent Duke University scholar who led the team that revised the DSM in 1994. The decision to include milder forms, such as Asperger’s syndrome, aimed to give more children access to support. The psychiatrist’s current view is tinged with concern about unintended effects, including labeling challenges that might be better viewed as variations of typical development rather than a single disorder.

A new pilot study suggests that strengthening a child’s inner dialogue through guided self-talk could help autistic children manage emotions more effectively. Published in Autism Research, the research introduces Thinking in Speech (TiS) therapy, a remote, structured approach designed to reduce emotional dysregulation for daily life. In Thailand, where families value social harmony and emotional balance, this work offers a timely perspective on inclusive autism care.

Emotional dysregulation—difficulty recognizing, expressing, or soothing emotions—poses a common challenge for autistic children. In Thai households, where calmness and collective well-being are culturally emphasized, outbursts can place significant strain on caregivers and community relationships. TiS therapy aims not to suppress feelings but to strengthen internal problem-solving, potentially easing daily stress for families and improving social interactions within Thai schools and neighborhoods.

A recent study has found that strengthening inner speech through a guided self-talk intervention may help autistic children better manage their emotions, pointing to a promising new direction in autism care. Published in Autism Research on June 15, this pilot study introduces the “Thinking in Speech” (TiS) therapy—a novel approach that could address one of the most persistent daily challenges for children on the autism spectrum and their families: emotional dysregulation (source).

A large international study suggests that autism in toddlers may appear almost identically in girls and boys. Published in Nature Human Behaviour and summarized by Science News, the findings challenge long-held assumptions and could lead to more inclusive, earlier interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

The research addresses a key concern: gender-based disparities in diagnosis. Historically, ASD has been diagnosed more often in boys, with global estimates indicating about four boys for every girl. Critics argued that diagnostic criteria, often developed around male presentations, might underdetect autism in girls. The current study counters this by showing near-identical patterns across 18 measures—eye-tracking attention, language development, and basic self-care skills—among 2,618 children aged 1 to 4 years. The lead author, a neuroscientist and co-director of UC San Diego’s Autism Center of Excellence, noted the surprise at how little difference emerged across the assessments.

In a groundbreaking finding that could reshape the way autism is diagnosed in young children, an international research team has discovered that, in toddlerhood, autism presents nearly identically among girls and boys. This revelation, published recently in Nature Human Behaviour and reported by Science News, challenges longstanding beliefs and provides hope for more accurate and inclusive early interventions.

The significance of this discovery lies in its potential to reduce gender-based disparities in autism diagnosis and treatment. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has historically been seen as affecting boys far more frequently—roughly four times as often as girls, according to global statistics (Science News). However, previous studies left uncertainty about whether the symptoms truly differ according to sex, or whether diagnostic criteria—often based on observations in boys—have contributed to underdiagnosis among girls.

Autism, once viewed erroneously as a childhood condition one might “grow out of,” is now increasingly recognised by experts and advocates as a lifelong spectrum of experiences—redefining the way societies around the globe, including Thailand, must support autistic people of all ages. Recent research and evolving perspectives highlight the necessity of updating public understanding and support systems to reflect the authentic experiences of those on the autism spectrum, urging a move well beyond exclusively child-focused interventions (Psychology Today).

Autism is increasingly recognized as a lifelong spectrum, not a condition limited to childhood. Researchers and advocates argue that understanding must shift to reflect the ongoing needs and strengths of autistic people across all ages. This evolving view calls for updated public awareness and systems that support autistic individuals from youth through adulthood and beyond.

In Thailand, the idea that autism is only a childhood issue has historically shaped education, healthcare, and social services. This misconception grew in part from a lack of long-term studies, early-diagnosis criteria focused on children, and visible outcomes for autistic adults. Diagnostic manuals in the late 20th century emphasized early signs, reinforcing the “outgrown” narrative, even though evidence shows autism itself persists as people age and adapt.

A groundbreaking study recently published in the journal Science is shedding new light on the brain’s enigmatic emotional machinery, offering potent insights into why some emotions seem to fade quickly while others stubbornly linger—a question with profound implications for mental health diagnoses and treatment in Thailand and worldwide. The research, led by a team at Stanford Medicine, provides compelling evidence that a particular phase of neural activity sustains emotional states in the brain, a finding that may help explain challenges ranging from mood disorders to difficulties in autism spectrum disorder.

A landmark study published in Science reveals how the brain sustains emotional states, offering fresh insight into why some feelings endure while others fade. Led by a team at Stanford Medicine, the research suggests a specific phase of neural activity that keeps emotions active. The findings hold promise for improving mental health diagnoses and treatments in Thailand and beyond.

Emotions drive daily life in Thailand, influencing everything from traffic dynamics in Bangkok to family decisions. When emotions linger or flare unexpectedly, distress and dysfunction can follow, a challenge familiar to Thai clinicians and the public alike. The study maps how the brain responds to negative sensory experiences in humans and mice, uncovering conserved patterns that span millions of years of evolution. This helps explain how emotional states become sticky.

Parents and carers of children with autism face daily challenges that stretch far beyond what most families experience, according to recent international research and expert commentary. With stress levels often higher than those seen in parents of children with other disabilities, families are struggling to cope amid emotional, physical, and logistical demands—frequently without the support systems they desperately need (The Conversation, Medical Xpress). For Thailand, where the public conversation around autism is still evolving, the findings call for urgent reflection on how caregivers are being served and supported.

Caregivers of children with autism face daily burdens that go beyond typical parenting challenges. Global research indicates that parental stress tends to be higher for families dealing with autism than for those raising children with other disabilities. In Thailand, where autism awareness is still developing, these findings underscore the need for systemic support that reaches families in all communities, not just urban centers.

Autism spectrum disorder is a complex condition affecting social interaction, communication, and perception. Each child’s journey is unique, but common themes persist: difficulties with transitions, repetitive behaviors, and limited social communication require constant vigilance from parents. Experts and parents alike note that moments of joy can be balanced by days of exhaustion, sometimes within a single day, highlighting the emotional rollercoaster many families ride.

A recent psychology-focused article challenges the usual labels of “neurotypical” and “neurodivergent,” urging a broader view of human experience that centers personal agency and environmental control. Written by a clinical psychology expert, the piece argues that binary classifications can obscure the common human need to influence one’s surroundings and choices. The discussion is relevant for Thai readers as schools, workplaces, and communities increasingly explore inclusive practices.

For Thailand, neurodiversity conversations intersect with rising autism awareness and advocacy for rights and educational opportunities. While national progress includes inclusive classroom initiatives, gaps remain, especially in rural and government-run schools with limited special education resources. Insight from Thailand’s education community indicates a need to reframe approach from rigid categorization to flexible support that accommodates diverse thinking and learning styles.

A recent article in Psychology Today challenges widespread assumptions about what it means to be “neurotypical,” sparking renewed conversation about diversity, inclusion, and the way Thai society identifies and supports individuals with different neurological profiles. The piece, written by a clinical psychology expert, questions the utility of binary labels like “neurotypical” and “neurodivergent,” and urges for a broader understanding of human experience centered on individual control, preferences, and agency (Psychology Today).

A growing body of research and lived experience shows that uninformed or dismissive responses when someone discloses they are autistic can harm relationships and well-being. Sensitivity and proactive understanding are increasingly important as autism diagnoses rise worldwide, including in Thailand. A recent piece in Psychology Today highlights practical steps that neurotypical people can take to support autistic individuals, emphasizing that everyday interactions matter more than generic reassurance.

In Thailand, as in many places, autism remains surrounded by misconceptions shaped by outdated stereotypes and media depictions. When someone shares their autism, a common reaction such as “We’re all on the spectrum somewhere” can inadvertently invalidate their lived experience. Experts warn that such comments often close the conversation and leave autistic individuals feeling unseen at a moment when connection and support are most needed.

A growing body of research and personal testimony is highlighting the profound impact that uninformed reactions can have when someone discloses their autism, calling for greater sensitivity and awareness, especially as autism diagnoses rise globally and in Thailand. A recent article in Psychology Today titled “Three Things Neurotypicals Should Know About Autism,” published on May 14, 2025, distills key insights from autistic communities that reveal why common but misguided responses can deeply harm relationships and well-being for those on the spectrum (Psychology Today).

A new wave of artificial intelligence tools is empowering autistic individuals to better understand the complex, often elusive, world of social interactions, raising both hope and caution among experts and users alike. The latest research and real-life experiences highlight how AI “translators” are bridging communication gaps for millions who struggle to interpret unspoken rules, though the technology is not without its limitations.

Across the globe, approximately 2% of adults, including more than 5 million individuals in the US alone, have been diagnosed with autism, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). For many, missing out on subtle social cues, such as sarcasm, euphemisms, and body language, can result in professional setbacks, personal misunderstandings, and emotional distress. This challenge resonates in Thailand as well, where families and educators grapple with a growing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and where rigid social norms further complicate nonverbal communication.

A wave of AI tools is helping autistic individuals better interpret social interactions, offering both promise and caution for users, families, and experts. While AI translators can clarify hidden social meanings, experts warn that technology has limits and should complement, not replace, human support.

Global autism prevalence affects roughly 2% of adults, including more than 5 million people in the United States, according to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Many experience challenges decoding sarcasm, euphemisms, and body language, leading to professional setbacks and personal misunderstandings. In Thailand, families and educators face a rising number of autism cases amid strong social norms, where nonverbal cues can be hard to interpret.

A wave of outrage has erupted across the autism community in response to recent statements by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who claimed that “autism destroys families” and characterized the condition as a societal burden. Parents and advocates have taken to the airwaves and social media to reject Kennedy’s portrayal of autism, demanding a shift in narrative toward acceptance and inclusion rather than stigma and despair. As families in Thailand and around the world contend with increasing autism diagnoses, this controversy highlights the ongoing struggle over how society perceives and supports individuals on the autism spectrum.

A wave of responses from the autism community has emerged after Robert F. Kennedy Jr. labeled autism as a societal burden and claimed it “destroys families.” Parents and advocates emphasize that autistic individuals bring unique strengths and deserve acceptance, inclusion, and adequate support. The debate, while centered on the U.S. public figure, resonates with families in Thailand and worldwide as diagnoses rise and services evolve.

In its essence, the controversy challenges a long-standing view of autism as a problem to be managed. Parents insist that their children are not burdens but individuals with potential, requiring understanding and resources. As one mother wrote online, the family’s purpose and joy lie in raising autistic children, not in portraying them as a burden. This sentiment mirrors reports across the journalism landscape that highlight diverse family experiences shaped by social support, access to early intervention, and community acceptance.

A global health conversation intensified as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. spoke about measles, autism, vaccines, and diet while serving as U.S. health chief. Thai families are navigating similar debates—vaccination confidence, rising obesity, and questions about food additives. This piece explains the latest evidence in clear terms for educators, parents, and policymakers.

Kennedy claimed autism rates were far lower in his youth and suggested an “autism epidemic” today, blaming environmental factors. In reality, autism diagnoses have increased partly due to broader criteria, greater awareness, and improved screening. International health bodies, including the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, emphasize there is no credible evidence linking vaccines to autism. These findings matter for Thailand as vaccination programs confront hesitancy and misinformation in communities across the country.

Touch shapes daily life in subtle and powerful ways. New research led by Harvard’s Dr. David Ginty reveals touch as our most complex sense, built from a vast network of cellular sensors that continuously interface with the world. This work, highlighted in a feature by Quanta Magazine and recent Harvard neurobiology findings, shows touch as a dynamic system with many neuron types tuned to different tactile experiences—from a breeze on the skin to a comforting hug.