#CoastalErosion

The popular Tunisian island of Djerba, steeped in centuries-old traditions and religious heritage, is facing an unprecedented crisis as its unique cultural legacy comes under assault from mass tourism, institutional neglect, and the accelerating impacts of climate change. This convergence of pressures threatens not just the island’s architectural treasures, but the very continuity of its traditional ways of life—raising alarms for heritage preservationists and tourism-dependent communities across North Africa and beyond.

A multisector crisis threatens Djerba, one of the Mediterranean’s most diverse heritage sites. Mass tourism, weak heritage governance, and accelerating climate change converge to imperil centuries-old ways of life and landmark monuments. The fate of this island’s cultural landscape offers hard lessons for Thai coastal communities facing similar pressures.

Djerba sits off Tunisia’s southeastern coast, a crossroads of Phoenician, Roman, Byzantine, and Arab influences. Its heritage treasures include the Sedouikech underground mosque, Saint Joseph’s Church, and the El Ghriba Synagogue—vital testaments to centuries of interfaith coexistence. Traditional dwellings and vernacular architecture—houmas, menzels, and houchs—reflect adaptation to the island’s climate and social life spanning generations.

Tunisia’s culturally rich island of Djerba confronts an unprecedented convergence of existential challenges as mass tourism pressures, institutional neglect, and accelerating climate change impacts combine to threaten one of the Mediterranean’s most significant multicultural heritage sites. This crisis encompasses not merely architectural preservation concerns but the fundamental survival of centuries-old traditional ways of life, creating urgent implications for heritage conservation efforts throughout Southeast Asia and beyond, including Thailand’s own vulnerable cultural landscapes.

Asia, already home to more than half the world’s population and many of its largest cities, is now warming at twice the global average, according to a landmark 2024 report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released this June (UN News). The findings mark a stark scientific confirmation that the world’s most populous continent, and a region at the heart of the global economy, faces a climate crisis of unprecedented speed and intensity. Driven by its extensive landmass and interconnected air-sea interactions, Asia now faces devastating extremes in heat, rainfall, floods, droughts, and rising sea levels, all of which are reshaping livelihoods and posing mounting risks across every country—from India’s monsoon-lashed hills to China’s parched fields and the low-lying coasts of Thailand.

Asia is warming at twice the global rate, a January 2024 assessment by the World Meteorological Organization confirms. The findings show the continent’s heat, rainfall, floods, and sea levels accelerating much faster than the world average, driven by its vast landmass and intertwining air-sea systems. The effects are felt across countries from India to China and Thailand, reshaping livelihoods and infrastructure alike.

For Thai readers, the implications are immediate. Bangkok’s heat waves are intensifying, the Mekong Delta’s flood patterns are shifting, and coastal communities are coping with stronger erosion. This isn’t merely a regional concern; it is a local crisis that affects health, agriculture, and the economy.