#Cognition

Researchers have uncovered new insights into jamais vu, the unsettling feeling that something familiar suddenly looks unfamiliar. While deja vu is well known in Thai culture, jamais vu is rarer and oddly more disorienting. Scientists say this phenomenon can illuminate how our brain checks reality and prevents us from slipping into automatic thoughts.

In a study that earned an Ig Nobel Prize in literature, participants were asked to repeat simple words like “door” or “the.” After about a minute, roughly 70% of people reported a strong sense of unfamiliarity and stopped voluntarily, describing experiences such as a word that “doesn’t seem right” or feeling as if it’s not really a word. The findings suggest jamais vu can reveal how our cognitive system verifies meaning and prevents us from drifting through routine without awareness.

A new systematic review highlights physical exercise as a practical pathway to better attention for people with depression. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, analyzes how different exercise types affect attentional performance among individuals with depression, drawing on international data to provide an up-to-date picture.

This finding resonates strongly for Thai readers. Depression affects millions in Thailand, with estimates suggesting 1.5 to 2 million Thais experience symptoms from persistent sadness to cognitive difficulties. Attention problems are common yet often under-recognized, making work, studies, and daily life challenging. The review suggests that regular, accessible exercise can help address these cognitive hurdles alongside emotional symptoms.

A new systematic review puts physical exercise in the spotlight as a powerful tool to enhance attention in individuals battling depression, shedding light on an often-overlooked pathway to improving mental health and everyday functioning. The latest research, published recently in the peer-reviewed journal Frontiers in Psychology, systematically examined the impact of various exercise interventions on attentional performance in patients diagnosed with depression, drawing from global data sources to present an up-to-date picture of the topic (Frontiers in Psychology, 2025).

A recent breakthrough study has discovered that the eyes, far from being mere passive players during sleep, actively orchestrate how our brains consolidate memories—guarding old knowledge while seamlessly incorporating new information. These findings, published by a Cornell University research team and highlighted in The Brighter Side of News on April 21, 2025, suggest that subtle changes in the pupil during sleep play a pivotal role in preventing memory “mix-ups” and could one day revolutionize how we learn, remember, and perhaps even treat memory disorders (The Brighter Side of News).

A groundbreaking study shows that eyes do more than respond to light in sleep. Subtle pupil movements appear to help the brain balance safeguarding established memories with encoding fresh ones. The findings, from a Cornell University team and highlighted by The Brighter Side of News in late April 2025, point to a potential shift in how we learn, remember, and treat memory disorders. In humans, tiny pupil shifts during sleep may prevent memory “mix-ups” and support clearer long-term learning.

As the world embraces the arrival of spring and summer, nature isn’t the only thing undergoing a transformation. Research highlighted in a recent article by Jamie Frater and Alexis Barret reveals how our brains undergo significant changes in warmer weather, affecting everything from mood and social behavior to decision-making and creativity. Understanding these changes is particularly relevant for Thai readers as the country experiences seasonal shifts that extend beyond mere temperature changes to influence societal behaviors and individual well-being.

As spring and summer arrive, our brains respond to the heat in ways that affect mood, social life, decision-making, and creativity. A recent synthesis highlights how warmer weather shapes brain chemistry and behavior. For Thai readers, these findings connect with Thailand’s own seasonal rhythms and urban realities.

Thailand’s warm climate provides a timely backdrop for these insights. More sunshine tends to boost serotonin, a brain chemical linked to mood stability and lower anxiety. The positive impact of sunlight has inspired education programs in some Nordic countries to include daily outdoor exposure for students, a concept worth considering in Thai schools as part of holistic well-being.

A new wave of guidance from neurologists emphasizes simple, practical steps to preserve cognitive function. With dementia on the rise among aging populations, early lifestyle changes can yield meaningful impact. Research suggests that as many as 45% of dementia cases could be delayed or prevented with timely interventions.

In Thailand, multi-generational households make dementia awareness a communal concern. Preventive measures support individuals and ease caregiver burdens. Start with safety: wearing helmets during sports or motorcycling reduces traumatic brain injuries that can have lasting cognitive effects.

Intracranial EEG research uncovers that the brain rehearse recently encoded information during short wakeful breaks, improving later recall. A leading university team tracked spontaneous brain reactivation between encoding tasks and found that brief, wakeful periods can enhance memory retention—not just sleep. The findings offer practical implications for teaching and learning strategies in Thai classrooms.

Traditionally, memory consolidation has been linked to sleep. This study challenges that view by showing the brain can perform quick mental rehearsals during brief interludes between tasks. Such short-term reactivation appears to strengthen the encoding of stimuli, helping students remember information more accurately on tests.

A recent study from a leading university shows that learning can occur faster than previously thought, even in animals. Published in a top scientific journal, the findings reveal that mice quickly learn to discriminate between sounds, prompting a rethink of where and how learning happens in the brain.

Led by a senior neuroscientist, the research tracked neural activity as mice learned to respond to one sound and ignore another. The subjects mastered the task in roughly 20 to 40 attempts. The rapid learning occurred in the sensory cortex, a region traditionally linked to perception rather than higher-level thinking. This challenges existing ideas about learning speed and highlights the role of sensory processing in education.

A new study from researchers at a major U.S. medical school demonstrates that strengthening the brain’s waste-clearing system can improve memory in aging mice. The approach targets the meningeal lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain, which drain waste to the body’s lymph nodes. By enhancing this clearance, older mice showed clearer memory and curiosity toward new objects, suggesting a potential pathway for human therapies against age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

A notable U.S. university report challenges decades of thinking about memory formation. The classic idea linked memory storage to simple synaptic strengthening, encapsulated in “neurons that fire together, wire together.” New findings reveal a more nuanced picture.

Researchers concentrate on the hippocampus, the brain’s memory hub. Traditional models posited that coordinated neuron firing stabilizes memories, while isolated activity fades. The study introduces Behavioral Timescale Synaptic Plasticity, or BTSP, as a broader framework for how memories develop and adapt over time.

New insights into how male and female brains differ offer a nuanced view that moves beyond stereotypes. Research summarized by reputable neuroscience outlets shows structural and functional variations influence language, emotion, and problem-solving. For Thai readers, these findings have practical relevance to classrooms, workplaces, and families, encouraging a culturally grounded dialogue about diverse cognitive strengths.

Over decades, scientists have explored how brains are wired. Early observations noted that brain injuries can affect men and women differently due to hemispheric specialization. Contemporary work suggests women often recruit both hemispheres more broadly for certain tasks, supporting flexibility in language and spatial processing. This neural versatility helps explain why many women demonstrate adaptive thinking in complex situations.

A landmark study from Scripps Research reveals structural markers of long-term memory storage, offering new avenues to address memory decline in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Using cutting-edge genetics, 3D electron microscopy, and AI, researchers map memory traces with unprecedented detail to guide future therapies.

Published in Science, the work redefines memory by identifying engrams—the physical embodiments of memories in the brain. Advanced imaging and AI-driven analysis accelerate mapping of memory-related brain circuits, shortening what used to be years of work.

A new study from a leading university introduces MitoBrainMap, an atlas that maps how mitochondria—the brain’s energy factories—populate regions linked to higher cognitive functions. Researchers suggest these areas harbor specialized energy resources that could influence development, brain health, and disease progression. The work points toward noninvasive ways to assess brain bioenergetics and potentially detect early signs of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Energy underpins every mental process, from memory and learning to emotion and perception. Previously, scientists had limited insight into how mitochondrial density varies by brain region. MitoBrainMap now provides a detailed view of the brain’s energy landscape and how it supports cognitive activity.