#Ethnobotany

Khlú, known scientifically as Pluchea indica, has long been a staple in Thai traditional medicine. Across Isan to the southern provinces, it appears in folk remedies for joint inflammation and urinary concerns, with local names such as หนาดงั่ว, หนวดงิ้ว, เพี้ยฟาน, ขลู, คลู, and ขี้ป้าน. Today, researchers are exploring whether this hardy plant’s age-old wisdom holds up under scientific scrutiny, and what it means for health-conscious Thais.

Khlú thrives in Thailand’s marshes, tidal flats, and roadside ditches. It is more than a weed in Thai households: stems ground for kidney stones, bark used for hemorrhoids, and especially the leaves brewed as a tea to ease inflammation, urinary discomfort, or minor infections. The plant’s enduring presence in rural and peri-urban life highlights a cultural belief in healing drawn from the immediate environment.

When it comes to traditional Thai medicine, few remedies evoke as much curiosity and reverence as โกฐก้านพร้าว (Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora), a rare alpine herb whose story weaves through the misty foothills of the eastern Himalayas and the centuries-old apothecaries of Southeast Asia. Known to Thai herbalists as both โกฐก้านพร้าว and by a host of evocative regional names—including กะฎุกะ and กฏุโรหินี—this plant’s dried rhizome remains a prized ingredient in classic medicine cabinets, Buddhist rituals, and even modern-day scientific investigations (phar.ubu.ac.th; Disthai.com).

Across Thai markets and East Asia, bundles of slender, aromatic roots known asโกฐหัวบัว—the dried rhizome of Ligusticum sinense—still convey a long history of healing. Today, renewed scientific interest shines a light on its potential health benefits, chemical compounds, and everyday wellness applications. From dynastic pharmacopeias to contemporary pharmacology, Ligusticum sinense illustrates how ancient wisdom and modern science can collaborate on holistic health.

Ligusticum sinense has deep roots in traditional medicine. In Chinese classics it is often called Gao Ben, used to disperse wind and cold, relieve headaches, and ease menstrual discomfort. Its journey into Southeast Asia, including Thailand, followed ancient trade routes and the exchange of herbal knowledge. In traditional systems of medicine across East Asia, Ligusticum species have been central to multi-herb formulas for colds, migraines, rheumatic pain, and circulatory support. In Thai herbal practice, the dried rhizome appears in mixtures designed to address headaches, sinusitis, and female health concerns, reflecting a fusion of global wisdom with local healing traditions.

Bitter ginger, known locally as “กระทือ” (kra-thue) and recognized by many names across Thailand and Southeast Asia, has captured the imagination of both traditional healers and contemporary scientists. This ancient rhizome, classified scientifically as Zingiber zerumbet, has found new life in recent years as a spotlight shines on its unique blend of folkloric uses and emerging scientific research, inviting Thais to revisit a herbal treasure with deep roots in both culture and medicine.

Bitter ginger, known in Thai as kra-thue, is a storied plant that travels from traditional remedies to contemporary research. Classified as Zingiber zerumbet, this rhizome blends folkloric use with evolving scientific interest, inviting Thais to explore a herbal treasure with long cultural roots.

For generations, kra-thue has been a staple in Thai well-being. Among rural communities from central plains to northern highlands, it carried many names and uses. The knobby rhizome served as a remedy for digestive discomfort and muscle pains and even played a role in protective rituals. A 2011 ethnobotany study found Zingiber zerumbet widely used in ointments for sore muscles, as a carminative for indigestion, and as an appetite booster, reflecting its cross-regional value.

Krachaidam, a deep violet rhizome native to Thailand, sits at a crossroads between traditional healing and contemporary science. Known scientifically as Kaempferia parviflora, this Zingiberaceae member is often called Thai black ginger or Thai ginseng. Today it attracts global research attention for potential health benefits, while remaining rooted in Thai biodiversity and cultural heritage.

Historically, krachaidam was a staple in Thai traditional medicine. Healers used sliced, dried rhizomes to address digestive issues, inflammation, fatigue, and sexual vitality. In northern and northeastern communities, the plant—also called ขิงทราย, กะแอน, or ระแอน—was believed to fortify trekkers and warriors, helping them endure Thailand’s rugged landscapes. This legacy reflects the plant’s deep cultural meaning and local health beliefs.

Red Kwao Krua, known to botanists as Butea superba Roxb., is a remarkable herbal remedy that has woven itself into the tapestry of Thai traditional medicine for centuries. Harvested from the tuberous roots of a robust climbing legume native to Southeast Asia, this “herbal hero” carries with it a blend of cultural reverence, folklore, and—thanks to contemporary research—burgeoning scientific interest. In a health-curious era when Thais and global audiences alike seek a synthesis of traditional wisdom and biomedical validation, Red Kwao Krua emerges as an emblematic plant deserving of closer attention.

Red Kwao Krua, known scientifically as Butea superba Roxb., has long anchored Thai traditional medicine. The tuberous roots of this robust climbing legume are revered in villages and royal courts alike, now attracting modern scientific interest. In an era hungry for evidence-based wellness, Red Kwao Krua embodies the conversation between age-old wisdom and contemporary research.

Across Thailand, Red Kwao Krua’s story begins in traditional apothecaries and extends into university laboratories. Folk healers have long used its root powders, decoctions, and tinctures to support vitality and stamina. In Thai, the plant is called กวาวเครือแดง, with regional names such as จานเครือ and จอมทอง. Roots are often prepared by infusion in water or alcohol or blended into polyherbal formulations.

In the lush forests and fertile soils of Thailand, a deep violet rhizome known locally as “krachaidam” (กระชายดำ) stands at the remarkable crossroads of traditional therapy and modern science. Revered for generations, krachaidam—scientifically identified as Kaempferia parviflora—is much more than a culinary curiosity or folk medicine staple. Today, this member of the Zingiberaceae family, sometimes called “Thai black ginger” or “Thai ginseng,” is stirring global scientific interest for its possible role in human health, bridging ancient wisdom with clinical promise.