#Exercise

For many fitness enthusiasts in Thailand, tracking heart rate is now a daily habit to measure workout intensity and protect heart health. New research raises important questions: what happens when your heart rate climbs too high during exercise, and is there such a thing as pushing the heart too far? The latest findings show both benefits and risks, underscoring the need for mindful monitoring.

Understanding how exercise affects heart rate helps people train effectively and safely. Heart rate measures how many times the heart beats each minute. Exercise naturally raises this rate to deliver more oxygen-rich blood to working muscles, boosting cardiovascular health and endurance. Medical guidelines describe a resting heart rate typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute, with trained athletes sometimes at rest around 37–38 bpm. When heart rate exceeds safe limits during activity, risks can outweigh rewards. For healthy adults, maximum heart rate is often estimated as 220 minus age.

A recent feature in Fit&Well shines a spotlight on the soleus muscle, a crucial yet often neglected muscle in the lower leg that plays a pivotal role for runners and active individuals of all levels. While most fitness routines for runners in Thailand focus on strengthening the glutes and hamstrings, a prominent running coach emphasizes that the soleus is arguably the most important muscle for performance and injury prevention—a point especially relevant for the Kingdom’s vibrant running community and the rising popularity of marathon events nationwide (Fit&Well).

New research shows women gain greater mortality and cardiovascular benefits from exercise than men, and they can achieve these gains with less time. The study, published in 2024 by a leading cardiovascular journal, highlights sex-specific responses to physical activity and underscores exercise as a daily health priority for women in Thailand and around the world.

The study analyzed health data from over 412,000 American adults aged 27 to 61, collected between 1997 and 2017. Researchers linked activity patterns to mortality outcomes through national records up to 2019. Findings reveal that women who reach at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity weekly cut their all-cause death risk by up to 24 percent, compared with inactive women. In men, the reduction was about 15 percent at the same activity level. Notably, women achieved equivalent benefits with roughly 140 minutes, compared with men needing about 300 minutes, indicating higher efficiency of activity for female physiology.

A large, recent study shows women may reap greater health benefits from exercise than men, even with the same amount of activity. The research indicates women experience larger reductions in mortality from heart disease and all causes when engaging in moderate to vigorous exercise. The findings were published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology in 2024 and are positioned to inspire Thai readers to leverage physical activity for longer, healthier lives.

Anyone who has rushed up Bangkok stairs or temple steps may have wondered why the ascent takes the wind out of them. New insights from fitness science show that getting winded on stairs is not a sign of poor health or low fitness. Rather, stair-induced breathlessness is a normal response as the body switches from rest to sudden, high-intensity effort.

For Thais working in vertical environments—from bustling transit hubs to multi-story shopping centers and hillside temples—this understanding is especially meaningful. Breathlessness on stairs is common and not something to fear. Recognizing this helps people set realistic health expectations and adopt practical steps to improve.

A large Swedish-initiated study finds that regular physical activity in childhood, especially participation in organized sports, may reduce the risk of psychiatric conditions by late adolescence. The findings arrive at a time when youth mental health is a rising concern in Thailand and around the world, underscoring practical, evidence-based paths for prevention. The study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in May 2025, followed thousands of children from birth and tracked their activity patterns to later diagnoses of anxiety, depression, and related conditions.

A landmark longitudinal study from Sweden has found that regular physical activity (PA), especially participation in organised sports, may significantly reduce the risk of children developing psychiatric conditions by late adolescence. The findings come at a critical time for both Thailand and the global community, as mental health challenges among youth continue to rise and policymakers seek practical, evidence-based solutions. The study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in May 2025, tracked a large birth cohort of children over more than a decade, linking their physical activity patterns to later-incidence of disorders including anxiety, depression, and addiction (bjsm.bmj.com).

A new wave of research is challenging the long-held belief that regular exercise alone is enough to protect the aging brain. The latest findings from a major Vanderbilt University-led study, published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia, reveal that sitting for long hours each day can cause the brain to shrink—regardless of how much you exercise. This discovery has sparked global concern as it highlights the unseen dangers of modern, sedentary lifestyles, even among those who maintain healthy activity levels, and carries special significance for Thailand, a nation witnessing growing urbanization and longer working hours.

A major new study challenges the idea that exercise alone keeps the aging brain healthy. Researchers led by Vanderbilt University found that long daily sitting can lead to brain shrinkage, even among people who meet global exercise guidelines. The findings, published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia, highlight the hidden risks of sedentary living and are highly relevant to Thailand’s rapidly urbanizing, longer-working society.

Over 400 older adults were followed for up to seven years. Movement was measured with wrist-worn devices, and brain changes were tracked using MRI scans. Participants sat an average of about 13 hours per day. Alarmingly, those who achieved the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous activity still showed brain changes tied to prolonged sitting. The hippocampus, essential for memory, and the frontal and parietal lobes, which support decision‑making and language, were particularly affected. The study linked more sitting to thinner brain cortexes and faster brain aging, both risk factors for dementia.

A new wave of scientific research has shown that smartwatches—coupled with health apps and digital coaching—can play a crucial role in helping patients with Type 2 diabetes start and sustain essential exercise regimens. This finding, drawn from the recently published MOTIVATE-T2D study in BMJ Open, could mark a transformative step in diabetes care, especially for those newly diagnosed and adapting to new lifestyles [News Exeter][ICT Health].

This development comes at a crucial moment in Thailand, where over 4 million people are living with diabetes—most with Type 2 diabetes—and where sedentary lifestyles and dietary risks continue to drive rates higher, particularly in urban centers [WHO Thailand Diabetes data][Bangkok Post Report]. For Thai readers, the research speaks directly to the increasing integration of digital health tools in everyday life, as the popularity of smart devices continues to rise across the country.

New research shows that smartwatches, paired with health apps and digital coaching, can help people with Type 2 diabetes start and sustain regular exercise. The MOTIVATE-T2D study, published in BMJ Open, suggests wearables may transform diabetes care, especially for those newly diagnosed and adjusting to lifestyle changes.

In Thailand, more than 4 million people live with diabetes, mostly Type 2, and rising urban diets and sedentary habits continue to fuel the trend. Thai readers will relate to how digital health tools are becoming part of everyday life as smartphones and wearables grow in popularity across the country. Data from global and local sources highlight the relevance of this approach for Thai communities seeking practical, accessible health support.

Millions of people, from office workers in Bangkok’s sky-rise towers to monks ascending temple steps, have wondered: why does even a short climb leave so many of us out of breath? According to new research and fitness science, getting winded walking up stairs is not a sign of poor health—or unique to those out of shape. In fact, exertional intolerance on stairs is a normal physiological response that affects almost everyone, regardless of fitness level, and reflects the body’s transition from rest to sudden, high-intensity activity (CNET).

Regular physical activity is proving to be a powerful, accessible tool for mental health across Thailand and the world. New research from Thai universities, alongside global studies, shows movement can reduce stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression. The latest findings highlight that integrating simple exercise into daily routines is crucial for safeguarding psychological well-being, especially in demanding environments like universities and healthcare education.

Rising anxiety, burnout, and depressive symptoms have prompted public health experts to champion exercise as both preventive and therapeutic. In contemporary Thailand, stressors such as pandemic-related restrictions, economic pressures, and heavy academic workloads are affecting people of all ages. Evidence now positions physical activity as a fundamental pillar of resilience, relevant to students, professionals, and older adults in both urban and rural communities.

A surge of international and Thai research confirms that regular physical activity delivers powerful mental health benefits, reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression. Recent studies, highlighted in the article “The Mental Health Benefits of Exercise: How Movement Reduces Stress,” and new research from Thai academic institutions, show that integrating movement into daily routines is an essential—and accessible—strategy for safeguarding psychological well-being, especially in high-pressure environments such as universities and healthcare education.

The well-held belief that physical fitness in youth directly causes a lowered risk of early death is being challenged by new research from Uppsala University, which suggests that the true relationship between fitness and mortality may be far more complex than previously thought. The findings, published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, reveal that even random factors—such as accidents—show similar associations to fitness and premature death as diseases, raising questions about the validity of past conclusions on the protective effects of fitness alone.

New Swedish research challenges the idea that youth fitness alone protects against early death. Published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, the study shows the relationship between fitness and mortality may be more complex than previously thought. Even random factors, like accidents, showed similar associations to fitness as diseases did, prompting questions about how much past studies truly prove about fitness’s protective effects.

Thai audiences are familiar with the messaging that regular exercise and strong cardiorespiratory fitness reduce death risk from heart disease or cancer. This view is echoed in public health messaging and Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health guidelines. The Swedish study highlights that many observational findings may overstate fitness effects because not all influencing factors are accounted for.

Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in calming the body’s stress response by keeping cortisol, the stress hormone, in check. For Thai readers juggling work, family, and crowded urban life, these findings offer practical, everyday steps to improve wellbeing.

Cortisol drives the body’s fight-or-flight response. It spikes under work pressure, family concerns, or even from caffeine and alcohol. While occasional rises are normal, persistently high cortisol can contribute to anxiety, sleep trouble, weight gain, and higher risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Experts note that everyday stressors can push cortisol beyond healthy levels, highlighting the value of steady exercise.

Recent research has highlighted the crucial role regular physical activity plays in controlling the body’s stress response, particularly by keeping levels of the so-called “stress hormone,” cortisol, in check. For Thai readers, who often juggle busy work schedules, shifting family norms, and urban living challenges, these findings underscore practical strategies for improving wellbeing in daily life.

Cortisol is central to the human body’s “fight or flight” response—it surges in moments of stress, whether due to work pressure, family concerns, or even stimulants like caffeine and alcohol. While occasional increases in cortisol are normal, experts warn that persistently high levels can lead to long-term health problems, including anxiety, sleep disruptions, weight gain, and increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension (South China Morning Post). German endocrinologist Dr. Matthias Kroiss, whose insights were featured in the recent article, explains that everyday stressors—from the workplace to private life—can drive cortisol higher than healthy limits.

A recent spotlight on a health instructor leading chair exercises for seniors—captured in a widely-circulated photo from a US news outlet—underscores growing international research showing the profound benefits of adaptive physical activity for older adults. As Thailand’s population continues to age rapidly, health experts are emphasizing the crucial role of simple, accessible exercise routines in promoting healthy aging, reducing chronic disease risks, and enhancing quality of life.

Thailand, like many countries in the region, is facing a demographic shift: seniors over the age of 60 now make up more than 18% of the population, and that number is projected to rise sharply by 2030 (Bangkok Post). As Thais live longer, concerns about maintaining health, mobility, and social engagement have become increasingly urgent. Physical inactivity is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a leading risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers (WHO).

A widely circulated image of a health instructor leading chair exercises for seniors has sparked renewed attention on adaptive physical activity for older adults. In Thailand, where the population is aging rapidly, experts say simple, accessible routines are key to healthy aging, reducing chronic disease risk, and improving quality of life.

Thailand’s demographic shift is clear: people aged 60 and over now exceed 18% of the population and this share is expected to rise further by 2030. As lifespans extend, maintaining health, mobility, and social connection becomes increasingly important. The World Health Organization identifies physical inactivity as a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, underscoring the need for practical exercise options.

A landmark new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has found that regular participation in sports and exercise during childhood has a significant, protective effect on mental health as young people grow into their teenage years. The research stands out for its scale, clarity, and detailed consideration of how sport and physical activity influence mental wellness among both boys and girls, offering critical insights for parents, educators, and policymakers in Thailand and beyond (usnews.com).

A large new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine shows that kids who regularly play sports and stay active have a markedly lower chance of developing mental health issues as teenagers. The research stands out for its scale, clear findings, and detailed look at how physical activity affects mental wellness for both boys and girls, offering important lessons for parents, teachers, and policymakers in Thailand and beyond.

A new study in the Journal of Physiology reveals a strong liver–brain connection: ketones produced by the liver during exercise may support cognitive health, offering hope for those with liver challenges. Researchers from a leading U.S. university showed that when liver cells lose the ability to make ketones, brain energy and learning decline. Remarkably, endurance exercise could reverse these brain changes, hinting at a backup system that helps protect aging minds.

A groundbreaking new study published in the Journal of Physiology has unveiled a striking connection between the liver’s metabolic function and brain health, highlighting the crucial role of liver-produced ketones during exercise—and raising intriguing possibilities for combating cognitive decline, even among those with liver impairments. Conducted by researchers at the University of Missouri, the research demonstrates that when liver cells lose the ability to make ketones, cognitive and mitochondrial function in the brain suffer. Remarkably, endurance exercise was found to reverse these negative effects, suggesting a possible “backup system” that could protect the aging brain and offer new hope to individuals with liver disease (psypost.org).