#Fertility

Global fertility trends are not just about fewer babies; they are revealing a deeper shift toward deliberate family planning, education, and economic realities that Thai readers will recognize. The latest research strands together a nuanced picture: declines in birth rates, including a sharp drop in teen births and a growing tendency to delay parenthood, can signal people exercising greater control over when and how they start families. That control, researchers say, is often a positive sign when it comes to life planning, education, and career development. But it also lays bare a set of policy and social challenges, especially for aging societies and economies that rely on steady population growth to sustain growth, care for the elderly, and maintain workforce vitality.

A recent wave of research suggests twin births across Asia are set to rise in the coming years, a trend driven by the growing use of fertility treatments and women increasingly delaying motherhood. The finding, highlighted by a leading global analysis, warns that higher twin rates could complicate pregnancy and childbirth for mothers and babies alike. For Thailand, where birth rates have plunged and the population is aging, the potential uptick in twins could reshape how perinatal care is organized, funded, and delivered.

A recent Gallup poll reveals a striking tension: American adults say the ideal family size is about 2.7 children, yet the United States is experiencing a sustained decline in births, with the current fertility rate hovering around 1.6 births per woman. In practical terms, many people say they’d like larger families than what they end up having, a gap that researchers are increasingly calling a pinch point shaped by costs, choices, and opportunity.

A new international study provides striking evidence that cannabis exposure could affect female fertility at the cellular level and may lower the likelihood of producing chromosomally normal embryos in IVF. The research, published in a leading science journal, combined a retrospective clinical analysis of follicular fluid from patients undergoing IVF with a laboratory investigation using immature human egg cells. In the clinical arm, researchers detected traces of THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, in a small but notable portion of follicular fluid samples. In the lab arm, they exposed immature egg cells to THC and examined how these cells mature, how their chromosomes align, and how their gene expression changes. Taken together, the study suggests that cannabis exposure could be linked to changes in oocyte maturation, chromosome segregation, and ultimately the chromosomal health of embryos.

A groundbreaking study from the University of Toronto raises a cautionary flag for anyone undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): high levels of cannabis exposure may be linked to chromosomal abnormalities in eggs used for IVF. Researchers tested 1,059 samples of follicular fluid—the fluid surrounding developing eggs—and found that 62 samples contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of cannabis. In fluids with detectable THC, immature egg cells tended to show more chromosomal abnormalities, and these eggs tended to mature faster than those without THC. The researchers then repeated some experiments with eggs from 24 consenting patients and observed a similar pattern: unfertilized eggs exposed to THC concentrations higher than the study’s average exhibited nearly 10 percent more chromosome errors and reached maturation more quickly. While the findings point to a potential reproductive risk, the study authors caution that the small sample size means other factors, most notably age, could influence results and were not fully controlled.

A new wave of research is prompting a hard re-think about East Asia’s declining birth rates. Rather than simply attributing shrinking families to economic hardship or high living costs, a growing body of work suggests a deeper social dynamic: when societies push for every child to be a flawless masterpiece, the decision to have more children becomes even more fraught. The debate, sparked by a provocative commentary on East Asia’s demographic trajectory, asks whether the real bottleneck is not just fertility, but the cultural and institutional burdens placed on parenting in hyper-competitive environments.

A new Gallup poll shows that Americans still prefer families with more than one child, with the average ideal number around 2.7 children. This comes even as the United States’ actual birth rate sits at historic lows, roughly 1.6 children per woman, suggesting a widening gap between what people say they want and the choices available or feasible in daily life. The survey’s finding — that four in five adults still consider at least two children ideal — highlights enduring cultural beliefs about family, alongside real-world constraints like cost of living, housing, and work-life balance.

Americans’ ideal family size remains above two children even as the United States experiences a historical lull in births, with fertility dipping to about 1.6 births per woman. A recent Gallup reading shows the average ideal number of children sitting at 2.7, a gap that has persisted for years between what people say they want and what actually happens at the checkout counter of life—having children. This divergence matters because it signals deepening economic and social headwinds that keep people from translating preference into practice, a pattern that resonates far beyond American borders and into the demographic debates shaping Thailand today.

A new fertility approach called Restorative Reproductive Medicine (RRM) has entered the public conversation as clinics promise to restore the body’s natural ability to conceive, offering what proponents call a gentler, more holistic alternative to in vitro fertilization. Yet behind the glossy marketing lies a storm of questions about evidence, safety, and regulation. For Thai families facing infertility, the stakes are personal: hopes for a child collide with concerns about cost, clarity, and whether these therapies are truly proven.

In a world where birth rates are trending downward in many advanced economies, a fresh economic perspective points to a surprisingly simple lever: the role of men as more engaged, practical partners in parenting. The latest research, highlighted by a prominent economist, argues that when men share childcare and household duties more equitably, couples may decide to have more children. The implications are urgent for societies like South Korea, where fertility remains the lowest in the world, and aging demographics threaten long-term social and economic stability. Even as the study focuses on Korea, the findings resonate with broader concerns across Asia, including Thailand, where families face similar pressures from housing costs, work demands, and evolving gender norms.

Groundbreaking demographic research reveals a powerful correlation between America’s declining religiosity and plummeting birth rates, adding crucial cultural dimensions to economic explanations for the nation’s fertility crisis while providing stark warnings for Thailand’s even more severe population challenges. Comprehensive analysis from leading research institutions, including extensive reporting synthesis by major news outlets, detailed demographic studies from the Institute for Family Studies, and new data from the Pew Research Center’s 2023-2024 Religious Landscape Study, demonstrates that highly religious Americans consistently maintain much larger families than their secular counterparts, while the growing population of religiously unaffiliated individuals has dramatically reduced their fertility to levels comparable with the world’s lowest-birth-rate societies. The fertility gap between religious and secular Americans has widened significantly over recent decades, with researchers calculating that virtually the entire decline in U.S. fertility from 2012 to 2019 can be attributed to growing irreligion combined with the exceptionally low birth rates among non-religious populations. Most critically for Thai readers, these findings illuminate how cultural and spiritual institutions provide essential social scaffolding for family formation—scaffolding that Thailand has been rapidly losing through urbanization, secularization, and changing social values, contributing to the kingdom’s catastrophic fertility decline that now threatens long-term economic stability and intergenerational support systems.

A growing body of demographic research finds a clear association between declining religiosity in the United States and the nation’s falling birth rate, adding a cultural dimension to well-known economic explanations for fewer children. Recent reporting and data syntheses – notably a long-form piece in Newsweek summarizing experts’ views, a detailed demographic analysis posted by the Institute for Family Studies, and new estimates from the Pew Research Center’s 2023–24 Religious Landscape Study – show that Americans who are more religious tend to have larger families, while the religiously unaffiliated have had markedly fewer children in recent decades. At the same time, the number of people who identify as nonreligious has grown, meaning the fertility gap by religion now helps explain a meaningful share of the overall decline in U.S. births. These trends matter to Thailand because Thai fertility has fallen even more rapidly, and understanding cultural as well as economic drivers can help shape policies to stabilise family formation and cushion the social effects of population ageing. See the Pew report here, the Institute for Family Studies analysis here, and the CDC’s 2023 birth data here.

A new wave of demographic research shows a clear connection between rising secularism in the United States and falling birth rates. For Thai readers, the findings offer a crucial caution: cultural and social supports for families matter, and rapid changes in values can accelerate population decline if policy does not respond.

Across several large studies, highly religious Americans tend to have larger families than their secular peers. The share of Americans who identify as religiously unaffiliated has grown steadily, reaching about 29% in recent years. Importantly, women who attend religious services weekly tend to have roughly twice as many children as those who never attend. These patterns help explain much of the drop in national fertility observed since 2012, beyond economic factors alone.

The growing reluctance among millennials to have more than two children has emerged as a defining demographic trend, with new research highlighting the complex social and economic factors influencing modern family size decisions. This movement, closely linked to rising living costs and shifting values, carries important implications for Thailand as its own birthrate stagnates and younger generations reconsider their priorities.

A recent report by Business Insider details how economic uncertainty—notably high childcare costs, student debt, and the shaky job market—has led many millennials in developed countries to cap their families at two children or forego parenthood entirely. Drawing from interviews with parents and leading sociologists, the article illustrates how families struggle to afford additional children, especially in expensive urban centers. According to a cited Pew Research Center study, millennial women average about 2.02 children, aligning with earlier generations numerically but diverging in terms of economic stability and timing. Experts argue that for many in this cohort, achieving even a two-child household often feels like a luxury rather than a default lifestyle (businessinsider.com).

Rising living costs and shifting values are pushing many Thai millennials to limit families to two children or fewer. Economic uncertainty, high childcare and education expenses, and evolving social roles shape this trend. The pattern matters for Thailand, where birth rates have slowed and younger generations are recalibrating priorities.

A recent analysis highlights how high childcare costs, persistent student debt, and a volatile job market influence decisions about parenthood. Interviews with parents and sociologists show that even a two-child household can feel financially challenging in expensive cities. A Pew Research Center study cited in the piece notes that millennial women in these contexts average around two children, reflecting continuity with past generations but under different economic pressures and timing. In many places, the ability to support more than two children is increasingly viewed as a luxury rather than a given.

The global decline in birth rates, long framed in terms of morality and cultural anxieties by right-wing commentators, is being recast by recent research as a problem rooted overwhelmingly in financial insecurity and systemic economic barriers. According to a groundbreaking United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) survey, the majority of people worldwide—including Thais—are having fewer children than they desire, primarily because of economic limitations, rather than a loss of interest in family or cultural shifts decried by conservative voices. This pushback comes amid rising alarmism in Western media declaring a “birth-rate crisis” with disastrous economic and social consequences if not urgently addressed.

New research reframes the global drop in birth rates as a response to financial insecurity and structural barriers rather than shifting values. An extensive UNFPA survey shows that people worldwide, including in Thailand, are having fewer children than they want mainly due to money troubles, unstable jobs, and housing pressures. The findings challenge the “birth-rate crisis” narrative and point to policy solutions that address the true costs of parenting.

Across nations, a gap remains between desired and actual family size. Thirty-nine percent of respondents cited financial constraints as the main reason for having fewer children than planned, while 40 percent pointed to job insecurity and housing inadequacy. Only 38 percent felt they reached their target, and 31 percent reported fewer children than hoped. The data indicate economic barriers are the primary obstacle to larger families, not a lack of interest in parenting.

A new wave of attention is focusing on finasteride, a prescription drug widely used by men worldwide to combat male-pattern baldness, after recent reports and research have highlighted a potential but underrecognized side effect: reduced fertility. For many men, the prospect of restoring hair growth via a daily tablet brings a significant boost of self-esteem. Yet for a minority, this medical fix may temporarily complicate their efforts to start a family, notably by lowering sperm counts—sometimes drastically.

A growing debate surrounds finasteride, a common treatment for male-pattern baldness, and its potential, reversible effects on fertility. While many men gain confidence from hair restoration, a minority may experience a temporary dip in sperm counts. This matters for couples planning a family.

Finasteride, marketed as Propecia, remains the most prescribed hair-loss medication for men. Its use rose with the rise of telehealth, making hair restoration more accessible. As prescriptions increased, clinicians and patients have reported unexpected reproductive side effects.

Tiny plastic particles, no wider than a human hair, have made their way into an alarming new corner of human biology: the fluids surrounding eggs in women and sperm in men. The latest research, unveiled at the 2025 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology conference and published in the journal Human Reproduction, provides the clearest evidence yet of microplastics’ persistent ability to infiltrate the most sensitive aspects of our bodies—raising serious questions about fertility, long-term health, and the true cost of our reliance on plastics (Earth.com; CNN).

A European study presented at the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology conference and published in Human Reproduction reports microplastics in fluids around eggs and sperm. The findings raise urgent questions about fertility, long-term health, and the hidden costs of plastic dependence. For Thai audiences, the implications are especially relevant given rapid urban growth, Western-style diets, and widespread use of plastic containers.

Researchers analyzed follicular fluid from 29 women and semen from 22 men. Microplastics appeared in 69% of the women’s samples and 55% of the men’s samples. Detected materials included PTFE, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PET—items once common in nonstick cookware, packaging, and synthetic textiles. The study highlights how pervasive microplastics can be inside the human body.

A recent study has detected microplastics in the reproductive fluids of both men and women, sparking global discussion about the potential consequences for fertility and reproductive health. Presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), this research represents one of the first times microplastic contamination has been systematically documented in ovarian follicular fluid and semen, shifting the spotlight from environmental and dietary exposure toward intimate human biological systems. The findings urge both the scientific community and the public to reflect on the far-reaching impact of plastic pollution and what it could mean for future generations, including here in Thailand.

A new international study reveals microplastics in both female follicular fluid and male semen, raising questions about potential effects on fertility. Shared at a global reproductive health conference, the findings mark one of the first systematic detections of microplastics in these intimate fluids, expanding the conversation from environmental exposure to human biology. For Thai readers, the results highlight how plastic pollution could affect future generations and daily life in Thailand.

Sperm power human reproduction, a fact scientists have explored for centuries. Yet despite advances, many aspects of this tiny cell remain mysterious. Recent studies remind us that sperm are far more complex than once thought, and the questions they raise continue to push research forward.

For Thai audiences, questions about fertility touch daily life, health, and national family planning goals. While fertility technologies such as IVF have progressed, global data show a worrying trend: sperm counts appear to be declining, and many cases of male infertility remain unexplained. Thailand mirrors this global situation, underscoring the importance of reproductive health in public policy and everyday decisions.