#Fertility

Sperm, the key driver of human reproduction, has fascinated scientists for almost 350 years—yet much about this microscopic “explorer” remains tantalisingly unclear and continues to confound researchers even today. Despite their crucial role in the survival of humanity, recent research reveals that sperm is far more mysterious and complex than once believed, leaving many fundamental questions unanswered and opening new frontiers for scientific inquiry.

For Thai readers, whose concerns span from personal fertility to national demographic trends, the continuing enigma of sperm research is not just a matter for scientific curiosity—it touches on health, society, and the future wellbeing of families across the nation. The paradox is striking: even as advances have been made in reproductive technologies such as IVF and fertility treatments, global evidence indicates that sperm counts are on a worrying decline, and male infertility remains unexplained in the majority of cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2023).

The United Nations has sounded the alarm on an “unprecedented” worldwide decline in fertility rates, with profound consequences already shaping the future of nations like Thailand. The latest United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) report signals a tipping point: hundreds of millions of people worldwide are having fewer children than they would like, often citing rising financial pressures and shifting social dynamics as key barriers. For Thailand—a country at the heart of regional demographic shifts—the findings carry urgent weight, offering both fresh validation of local experiences and serving as a catalyst for renewed policy action.

A new UNFPA briefing warns of an unprecedented global drop in fertility rates, with immediate implications for Thailand’s economy, workforce, and social systems. The report notes that hundreds of millions of people are having fewer children than they want, driven largely by economic pressures and evolving social norms. For Thailand, the findings validate local experiences and call for urgent, cross-sector policy action.

The UNFPA cross-country survey polled 14,000 people across 14 countries, including Thailand. It found that almost one in five respondents either have not had the number of children they desire or do not expect to. The main barriers are financial rather than health or biology. About 39% cited prohibitive costs, with responses ranging from 58% in South Korea to 19% in Sweden. A frontline worker in Mumbai was highlighted in coverage by major outlets, illustrating how costs such as schooling, transport, and healthcare can deter family growth even in urban settings.

Fears of humanity’s extinction may sound far-fetched, but scientists are warning that global birth rates are falling so fast, some populations could eventually disappear unless women have more children. According to recent research synthesized by experts and highlighted in a much-discussed feature on population trends, the world could see dozens of countries’ populations shrinking by 2100 due to persistently low fertility rates—a phenomenon with profound implications for economies, societies, and the future of human civilization itself (Daily Mail).

A shrinking population is no longer a distant possibility—it is unfolding in real time. Global fertility rates have fallen to levels that could see dozens of countries experience population declines by 2100. This trend carries wide-ranging implications for economies, social systems, and daily life in Thailand and beyond.

Thailand already confronts one of Asia’s fastest-ageing populations. Officials warn that without a rise in the national fertility rate, fewer young people may be available to support an increasing elderly population, straining healthcare, pensions, and the labor market. The global replacement level—about 2.1 children per woman to keep population stable—has already fallen below 2.0 in many developed countries, including Thailand.

A groundbreaking new study has found that adults who report avoidant attachment to their parents are significantly more likely to choose a childfree lifestyle, a trend that is increasingly visible in both Western societies and emerging in Thai urban areas. The research, which analyzes psychological factors influencing reproductive decisions, adds valuable context to ongoing discussions about declining birth rates and shifting family expectations worldwide.

As Thailand faces an alarming drop in national birth rates — the lowest in decades according to the National Economic and Social Development Council (Bangkok Post) — the findings are particularly relevant. While economic uncertainties and shifting societal roles have been widely acknowledged as drivers, the new study highlights the impact of family attachments and early-life emotional bonds on adult choices to remain childfree.

A recent study signals a link between avoidant attachment to parents and a growing preference for a childfree life. The findings suggest that early emotional bonds shape adult decisions about parenthood, adding context to declines in birth rates and evolving family norms in Thailand and beyond.

Thailand faces a significant demographic challenge, with birth rates at historic lows. Data from national planning authorities show this trend intersects with economic uncertainty and changing gender roles. The new research adds another layer, showing that family attachments in childhood may influence whether adults choose not to have children.

A mild cramp or slight fatigue can feel trivial, but emerging research shows these subtle signs should not be ignored. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a preventable condition that silently damages the female reproductive system and remains a leading cause of infertility worldwide. Awareness remains low in Thailand and beyond, raising concerns for families and the nation’s demographic future.

Reproductive health matters deeply to Thai communities. While Thailand has expanded access to care, PID often goes underdiagnosed due to subtle symptoms and lingering stigma around sexual health conversations. In Thailand, data from the obstetrics and gynecology department at a major university hospital indicates PID is frequently missed, complicating treatment and outcomes for women.

A mild cramp or a touch of fatigue might seem like an everyday nuisance, but new research highlights that dismissing these subtle signs could have serious long-term effects on women’s fertility. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)—an often silent and preventable disorder affecting the female reproductive system—remains one of the leading causes of infertility, yet public awareness in Thailand and around the globe is worryingly low (Rolling Out).

This news has wide significance for Thai readers, as reproductive health is intrinsically bound not only to personal wellbeing but also broader demographic trends and social stability. While Thailand has made progress in expanding access to reproductive healthcare, conditions like PID—often overshadowed by more high-profile women’s health issues—have a hidden toll, affecting families, livelihoods, and the nation’s future. According to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chiang Mai University, PID is frequently underdiagnosed in Thailand because of its subtle presentation and the stigma around sexual health conversations (med.cmu.ac.th).

A sweeping purge of staff at the US Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Division of Reproductive Health has ignited alarm among public health experts, advocates, and former officials, amid fears that the essential infrastructure supporting maternal, infant, and fertility care is now in jeopardy. More than 100 employees were abruptly dismissed this week, gutting teams mandated by federal law to collect and analyze data critical to healthy pregnancies, maternal outcomes, and assisted reproduction—including in vitro fertilization (IVF) support—according to multiple former staffers interviewed by Mother Jones (source).

A growing body of research and expert opinion is highlighting a silent yet serious consequence of excessive abdominal fat in men: a dramatic impact on hormonal balance, sexual health, and fertility. As obesity rates continue to rise—across the world and notably in Asian countries including Thailand—doctors are warning that belly fat is much more than a cosmetic concern. Landmark findings discussed by leading endocrinologists reveal that fat surrounding the waistline acts as an endocrine organ, disrupting testosterone levels and overall male vitality (The News).

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasingly threatening women’s health and fertility worldwide, with mounting evidence that untreated infections can cause long-term reproductive problems. This matters for Thailand as well as global readers.

New reviews by international health experts show a troubling rise in common STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. If not treated early, these infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, especially among women of reproductive age. Research cited by health authorities notes that millions of women each year are at risk of preventable, lasting harm from these infections.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are fast emerging as one of the most serious yet often overlooked threats to women’s health and fertility globally, according to the latest research highlighted by experts. Mounting evidence indicates that untreated STIs not only cause acute symptoms but can lead to long-term reproductive health complications, with grave implications for women across all regions—including Thailand.

Recent research reviewed by international health authorities reveals an alarming surge in the incidence of common STIs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. These infections, when left untreated, can progress silently to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and subsequent infertility, especially among women of reproductive age. According to a 2024 review in Drug Topics, millions of women each year are at risk of permanent reproductive harm due to preventable and treatable infections.

A sweeping staff purge within the US Department of Health and Human Services’ Division of Reproductive Health has unsettled public health experts and advocates. More than 100 employees were dismissed this week, including specialists who maintain national data on pregnancies, maternal outcomes, and fertility treatment. The changes threaten the data infrastructure that underpins prenatal care, contraception access, and IVF-related research and guidance.

This development comes after President Trump’s public calls to expand family planning and improve IVF access. Observers note the contrast between campaign messaging about supporting mothers and families and the abrupt dismantling of a federal unit tasked with implementing those goals.

A growing body of research highlights a clear link between excess belly fat and disruptions in male hormones, sexual health, and fertility. As obesity rises globally and in Asia—including Thailand—doctors warn that abdominal adiposity is more than a cosmetic issue. Endocrinologists emphasize that fat around the waist acts like an endocrine organ, potentially lowering testosterone and affecting overall vitality.

This matters for Thailand, where national surveys show rising overweight and obesity among men, especially in Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Cultural norms have long equated weight gain with prosperity, but recent evidence reframes belly fat as a health risk with real consequences for men’s bodies and families.

Concerns about men’s reproductive health are spurring a wave of recent research, with studies confirming that male fertility has become a significant public health issue worldwide, including in Thailand. New findings reveal that sperm health is highly sensitive to lifestyle, metabolic health, and even infectious diseases like COVID-19, underscoring the urgent need for greater awareness and proactive measures among Thai men and their families.

For decades, discussion around infertility has focused disproportionately on women. Yet, male factors are implicated in nearly half of all infertility cases, according to global health experts and major clinics such as Banner Health in the United States. New research reviewed by leading Australian reproductive health experts has revealed that male sperm counts worldwide have halved since the 1980s—a phenomenon attributed to complex, multifactorial causes that are only now being unraveled (Banner Health).

New research underscores that male fertility is a pressing public health issue worldwide, including in Thailand. Sperm health is highly responsive to daily choices, metabolic health, and even recent infectious diseases like COVID-19. Thai men and families now face a clearer call to awareness and proactive action.

Historically, infertility discussions centered on women. Yet male factors contribute to about half of infertility cases globally. Recent reviews by leading Australian reproductive health experts reveal that worldwide sperm counts have fallen dramatically since the 1980s. The causes are complex and multifactorial, encompassing lifestyle, environmental exposures, and health conditions. Data from reputable health centers in the United States echo this concern, emphasizing the shared responsibility of couples and health systems.

A new line of research draws a surprising link between the reproductive health of seals and human fertility. Scientists are studying seals, distant from clinics, to understand why fertility may be declining across species. Research highlights the role of environmental pollutants and the hormones they disrupt, which can affect reproduction in wildlife and humans alike.

For Thailand, where birth rates are falling and families face growing demographic pressures, these findings offer a global context for local policy and health strategies. Understanding how chemicals in the environment influence fertility can guide practical actions at home, in communities, and in government programs.

Recent research is drawing unexpected parallels between the reproductive lives of seals and the challenges facing human fertility, sparking fresh conversations about the hidden environmental factors impacting reproductive health worldwide. As reported in a feature by Oceanographic Magazine, scientists are turning their attention to seals — charismatic marine mammals that live far from hospitals and clinics — in hopes of unraveling why fertility rates are declining across species, including humans (Oceanographic Magazine).

Secondary infertility—difficulty conceiving after having a first child—is rising globally and now concerns Thai families as well. New studies and human-interest accounts show an increase in cases and the often-overlooked emotional burden on parents, shaped by shifting demographics and social expectations in Thailand.

The narrative is underscored by a poignant case in which a mother describes profound guilt for not providing a second child for her son. In Thai communities, this pressure is magnified by the belief in the importance of sibling support and family completeness, a cultural cue that can intensify distress when pregnancy planning goes awry.

Secondary infertility, a condition where couples struggle to conceive after successfully having had at least one child, is becoming an increasing concern among families worldwide, including here in Thailand. Recent reports and new research highlight not only a steady rise in cases but also the typically overlooked emotional turmoil experienced by affected parents—an issue that has resonated with many Thai families amid shifting demographics and social expectations.

The significance of this trend is well-captured by the candid story of Charlotte Bennett, as reported in The Times. Bennett, already a mother, described the “horrendous” guilt of being unable to give her six-year-old son a sibling, despite years of effort. For many parents, secondary infertility brings an unexpected and deeply personal form of distress, often complicated by cultural expectations and misconceptions that once a couple has had one child, further pregnancies should be easy and natural (The Times).

As more Thai couples and individuals consider starting families later in life, questions about fertility—especially egg quality—are on the rise. Popular wisdom and online advice often tout lifestyle tweaks, diets, or supplements as the magic keys to improving fertility. But does the science back up these claims? According to a comprehensive review of recent research, including a widely cited article from SELF and several new studies in 2024, the answer is nuanced. While age remains the single most influential factor, certain everyday habits may indeed nudge the odds—though not as much as many would hope.

As Thai couples increasingly consider delaying parenthood, questions about fertility and egg health have surged. Online advice often promises quick fixes through diet, supplements, or “miracle” routines. New research, including recent reviews and 2024 studies, shows a nuanced picture: age remains the strongest factor, but certain daily habits may modestly improve outcomes when combined with medical care.

Egg quality matters as much as quantity. High-quality eggs carry the right chromosomes and robust mitochondria to support fertilization and embryo development. Age is the primary driver of decline; after 35, both the number and quality of eggs diminish, increasing the risk of infertility, miscarriage, and chromosomal issues. Conditions such as endometriosis, PCOS, or cancer therapies can further affect egg quality, according to research from major outlets and peer-reviewed journals cited in recent reviews.

A long-dismissed part of female anatomy may play a vital role in ovarian function and fertility, according to a March 2025 study in eLife. Research on mice reveals that the rete ovarii is active and potentially essential for reproductive health, challenging the view of it as a vestigial remnant. The authors used modern imaging and molecular techniques to map the rete ovarii (RO) and its connection to the ovary, offering new avenues for understanding female fertility.