#FertilityRates

A striking new wave of research shows worldwide fertility is falling, with millions unable to have the number of children they want. The barriers are largely economic and social rather than a shift in desires. A major survey by UNFPA and other studies indicate that costs of parenting, job insecurity, limited welfare, climate anxiety, and changing cultural priorities are driving birth rates to record lows, including in Thailand.

Thailand’s situation is particularly urgent. Official data for 2024 show annual births dipping below 500,000 for the first time in decades, while the total fertility rate has fallen to 1.0—the lowest in Southeast Asia and lower than Japan’s. Demographers warn that without policy change, the population could shrink from about 66 million to around 40 million in the coming half-century, with significant impacts on the economy and public services.

A dramatic new wave of research suggests global fertility rates are in unprecedented decline, with millions of people around the world struggling to have the number of children they desire—often not because of changing attitudes, but because of mounting social and economic obstacles. Recent studies—including a large survey conducted by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)—show that in both high- and middle-income countries, including Thailand, the costs of parenthood, job insecurity, insufficient welfare support, environmental anxieties, and evolving cultural priorities are driving birth rates to historic lows Time, BBC, Al Jazeera.