Gaslighting as a Learning Process: New Model Explains How Manipulators Shape Reality
A new theoretical model from researchers at McGill University and the University of Toronto reframes gaslighting as a learned manipulation strategy rather than a mysterious personality flaw. The study suggests that gaslighters exploit the brain’s natural learning mechanisms to gradually erode a target’s confidence in their own perceptions. In practical terms, this means gaslighting can unfold as a subtle, repeated pattern that shifts what someone believes about what is real, who is trustworthy, and where blame belongs. The lead author explains that when you trust or love somebody, you expect them to behave in a predictable way; gaslighters act in an atypical, surprising manner and use that surprise to direct the learning of the people they target. This framing marks a shift from purely emotional abuse toward a cognitive process that can, in principle, be understood, anticipated, and countered.