#Genderbias

A growing body of evidence reveals that individuals, especially women, suffering from chronic genital pain are frequently dismissed, misdiagnosed, or told their pain is psychological by healthcare professionals. The phenomenon, known as “medical gaslighting,” continues to delay proper care for conditions like endometriosis and vulvodynia, each affecting approximately one in ten women in the United States. The issue underscores persistent gender bias in medicine and highlights enduring disparities impacting patients globally, including in Thailand.

Chronic genital pain affects millions, yet too many patients—especially women—face disbelief, misdiagnosis, or claims that pain is “all in the head.” This medical gaslighting delays proper care for conditions like endometriosis and vulvodynia, which studies indicate affect roughly one in ten women in the United States and have global relevance, including in Thailand.

For many sufferers, daily life is shaped by pain that makes simple acts uncomfortable and routine medical exams feel unbearable. Sexual activity can become distressing, and many patients report feeling dismissed when seeking care. A May 2025 investigative piece by The Conversation highlighted how nearly half of vulvovaginal pain patients were told to “just relax more,” with more than a third made to feel “crazy,” and over half considering abandoning medical treatment. Reports from mainstream outlets reinforce these patterns.

A growing body of research challenges the idea that autism is mainly a male condition. New findings reveal that systemic biases have obscured how autism presents in girls and women. For Thailand, where traditional gender roles influence health and education, this shift matters for earlier recognition and support.

Historically, boys were more often referred for autism assessments than girls. Consequently, many girls were misdiagnosed with social anxiety or eating disorders before autism was considered. A recent 2023 analysis suggests that up to 80 percent of girls initially misdiagnosed with other conditions may actually have autism. This data from leading researchers highlights the need to rethink diagnostic practices.