#GenderRoles

A new wave of millennial fathers is pushing to share parenting duties equally with their partners, but workplace culture and longstanding gender norms continue to place significant barriers in their way, according to recent research and widespread expert commentary. This growing tension between the desire to be present fathers and the realities of contemporary work life raises essential questions for families, companies, and policymakers not only in Western countries but also in societies like Thailand, where gender roles and work cultures are rapidly evolving.

A new wave of research and storytelling is challenging longstanding perceptions of what it means to be a father in 21st-century Thailand, as highlighted by the recently launched book “Modern Fatherhood.” Drawing on the lived experiences of diverse fathers across Asia, the publication captures the evolving landscape of paternity, masculinity, and emotional connection—issues gaining traction in Thai society as traditional gender roles shift and families confront new realities.

For generations, Thai fathers were commonly expected to act as primary breadwinners and authority figures, often keeping emotional distance from their children. But as socioeconomic pressures and cultural influences change, fathers in urban and rural Thailand are increasingly reimagining their roles to include active caregiving, emotional vulnerability, and deeper engagement in their children’s lives. This trend parallels similar transformations in other parts of Asia, brought into the spotlight by the narratives compiled in “Modern Fatherhood,” published by Assouline and covered recently by Tatler Asia.

A recent trend highlighted by global media has seen more fathers stepping away from traditional career paths to become stay-at-home dads, as families seek arrangements that best suit their needs in a changing world. An article published by Business Insider features the personal story of a man who left his “dream job” to care for his children full-time, while his wife became the family’s primary breadwinner. The couple reports that the switch has been the best decision for their family, bringing new perspectives on work-life balance, gender roles, and parenting satisfaction.

A recent study has turned prevailing assumptions about parenting on their head, revealing that fathers are experiencing higher levels of loneliness, overwhelming pressures, and emotional stress compared to mothers—a trend that challenges longstanding social narratives and has critical implications for families in Thailand and globally. According to new research summarised in El Adelantado de Segovia, comprehensive nationwide surveys conducted in the United States highlight that American fathers are struggling with deeper feelings of isolation and heavier emotional strain than their female counterparts, shining a light on a frequently overlooked aspect of the modern parenting experience.

Vintage photographs and recent research reveal a remarkable evolution in fatherhood across the United States, shedding light on the changing roles of men in the family over centuries. This shift, deeply influenced by economic, social, and cultural forces, mirrors trends emerging in Thailand, where the landscape of parenting is also undergoing significant change.

For most of American history, fathers were the moral backbone of the family, directly responsible for raising children both through discipline and skills training. Before US industrialization, and tracing back to colonial times, historical analysis by social science experts shows that if children went astray, society often placed the blame squarely on the father’s shoulders. In rural communities, this accountability extended to teaching children practical skills—farming, hunting, and roles essential to communal survival (source).

When temptation stirs, men and women in relationships respond in surprising and utterly different ways at the checkout counter. The latest research published in Current Psychology reveals that a brush with romantic temptation nudges men in committed relationships toward buying experiences, such as concerts or dining out, while women are more likely to reach for tangible items like electronics or home décor. This gender-specific shift in consumption, researchers argue, is a subconscious strategy to enhance one’s perceived value within a relationship—a reminder of the subtle dance between romance, guilt, and the ways we seek validation from our partners (PsyPost).

New research by Harvard Business School finds that working mothers are not only setting strong examples for their children but are also shaping them into highly successful and happier adults, challenging long-held cultural assumptions about parenting and professional life. This evidence-based insight offers fresh comfort to many Thai families where increasing numbers of women are joining the workforce and grappling with societal expectations and personal guilt over their choices.

For decades, the debate over whether mothers should stay home or pursue careers has been fraught with anxiety, particularly in countries like Thailand, where traditional attitudes about gender and family roles persist alongside rapid socioeconomic changes. This research directly addresses prevailing concerns by demonstrating measurable long-term benefits stemming from mothers’ employment.

Therapists have identified a pervasive challenge particularly troubling for eldest daughters: an overwhelming sense of over-responsibility, which significantly affects their happiness and well-being. Drawing on both recent research and extensive professional experience, mental health experts now describe “eldest daughter syndrome”—a set of expectations and pressures uniquely experienced by firstborn girls—as a major factor in their long-term mental health outcomes. The concept strikes a chord with many, resonating powerfully within Thai families, where cultural traditions often reinforce the burdens shouldered by eldest children.

A wave of new research is challenging long-held beliefs about the vows that bind couples—especially the promise to remain united “in sickness and in health.” Recent findings, published in the Journal of Marriage and Family and reported by Psychology Today in May 2025, reveal a surprising and deeply concerning trend: women who fall ill in their 50s and early 60s face a far greater risk of divorce than their male counterparts (psychologytoday.com). For Thailand—a country with a rapidly aging population and shifting social values—this revelation strikes at the heart of family resilience and gender equity.

A recently published European study has uncovered a deeply troubling trend in the world of late-life divorce: when wives in middle-aged marriages fall ill, the risk of divorce significantly increases, while the same does not hold true if it is the husband who becomes unwell. This discovery, revealed in February 2025 research appearing in the Journal of Marriage and Family and spotlighted in a widely-discussed article in Psychology Today, points to a persistent imbalance in marital roles and expectations that continue to shape the intimate lives of older adults across the globe—including in Thailand.

A recently published article in The Atlantic has put a spotlight on what social scientists, educators, and families around the world are increasingly calling the “default parent” problem—a persistent societal bias where mothers are treated as the primary caregiver by default, regardless of the actual family arrangement or parental wishes. Grounded in new research and illustrated by repeated real-life stories, this phenomenon persists in households, schools, clinics, and even airline cabins, with broad implications for work-life balance, gender equality, and family well-being.

The notion that fathers “babysit” when caring for their own children has come under renewed scrutiny, as new research highlights the detrimental effects of gendered parenting roles on both caregivers and their children. A recent article by Dr. Kate Balestrieri stresses that calling a father’s involvement “babysitting” is not merely an innocent slip of the tongue, but a reflection of deep-seated inequities in emotional and domestic responsibilities within households. This issue resonates widely, with significant implications for Thai society as evolving gender norms intersect with longstanding cultural expectations.

Across the globe and increasingly in Thailand, a rising number of individuals—especially women—are choosing to become single parents by choice, signaling a paradigm shift in both family structures and societal attitudes. While single parenthood once commonly stemmed from unplanned circumstances, new research shows that a growing share of single parents are consciously opting for this path, empowered by advancing reproductive technologies and changing social norms. As Thai society experiences its own demographic and cultural transitions, understanding this phenomenon is crucial for policymakers, educators, and families.

A growing body of research investigated in a recent article in The Atlantic challenges conventional wisdom about how boys should be raised, revealing that gendered parenting and cultural expectations may be holding back the emotional and developmental well-being of boys. These findings carry special significance for parents and educators in Thailand, where traditional models of masculinity often shape family and school life.

In societies around the world, including Thailand, the prevailing narrative says that boys must be tough, stoic, and emotionally restrained to succeed in life. This perspective, fueled by generations of social customs and amplified by contemporary social media influencers as well as political rhetoric, encourages boys to suppress feelings in favor of physical strength and competition. However, new studies suggest that such approaches run counter to boys’ actual developmental needs and may have long-term negative effects, not just for the boys themselves but for wider society as well.

The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally redefined family life across the globe, with Thailand seeing its own transformation as fathers take on more active roles in childcare and family routines. Recent reports, including an op-ed from The New York Times, highlight a growing trend: dads are spending more time with their children since the pandemic, and this pattern appears to be holding steady post-pandemic (nytimes.com). This shift has significance not only for families but for the broader social fabric, raising questions about the future of parenting roles in Thailand and beyond.