#Genderroles

A recently published European study has uncovered a deeply troubling trend in the world of late-life divorce: when wives in middle-aged marriages fall ill, the risk of divorce significantly increases, while the same does not hold true if it is the husband who becomes unwell. This discovery, revealed in February 2025 research appearing in the Journal of Marriage and Family and spotlighted in a widely-discussed article in Psychology Today, points to a persistent imbalance in marital roles and expectations that continue to shape the intimate lives of older adults across the globe—including in Thailand.

A European study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family finds a troubling pattern in late-life divorce: when wives in middle-aged marriages fall ill, the risk of separation rises sharply, while husbands’ illness does not trigger the same effect. The research, conducted from 2004 to 2022 with over 25,000 couples ages 50 to 64, highlights how gender expectations shape marital stability in later years. The findings were summarized in Psychology Today and are resonating with readers worldwide, including Thai audiences concerned about aging families and changing norms.

A recently published article in The Atlantic has put a spotlight on what social scientists, educators, and families around the world are increasingly calling the “default parent” problem—a persistent societal bias where mothers are treated as the primary caregiver by default, regardless of the actual family arrangement or parental wishes. Grounded in new research and illustrated by repeated real-life stories, this phenomenon persists in households, schools, clinics, and even airline cabins, with broad implications for work-life balance, gender equality, and family well-being.

A recent Atlantic feature shines a light on the “default parent” problem — the default expectation that mothers are the primary caregiver. This bias persists across homes, schools, clinics, and workplaces, shaping work-life balance and gender equality worldwide, including in Thailand.

For Thai readers, the phenomenon feels familiar. School forms often list mothers as emergency contacts, doctors reach out chiefly to mothers, and fathers who are primary caregivers are still treated as exceptions. Despite rising dual-income households and greater father involvement, the expectation that mothers coordinate daily child care remains deeply rooted. This dynamic adds emotional labor for mothers and obscures active father participation.

The notion that fathers “babysit” when caring for their own children has come under renewed scrutiny, as new research highlights the detrimental effects of gendered parenting roles on both caregivers and their children. A recent article by Dr. Kate Balestrieri stresses that calling a father’s involvement “babysitting” is not merely an innocent slip of the tongue, but a reflection of deep-seated inequities in emotional and domestic responsibilities within households. This issue resonates widely, with significant implications for Thai society as evolving gender norms intersect with longstanding cultural expectations.

A growing body of research challenges the idea that fathers are merely “babysitting” when they care for their own children. Experts say the language we use signals deeper inequities in emotional and domestic responsibilities. For Thai families, evolving gender norms intersect with traditional expectations, making this an especially timely topic.

Across the globe, mothers have long been portrayed as the default caregivers, with fathers celebrated for occasional involvement. New insights, however, show that even in households where both parents work, women often shoulder more childcare and housework. A widely cited study by Bianchi and colleagues highlights how women spend more time on domestic duties than men, regardless of employment status. In Thailand, such patterns echo domestic realities and influence family health and harmony.

Across the globe and increasingly in Thailand, a rising number of individuals—especially women—are choosing to become single parents by choice, signaling a paradigm shift in both family structures and societal attitudes. While single parenthood once commonly stemmed from unplanned circumstances, new research shows that a growing share of single parents are consciously opting for this path, empowered by advancing reproductive technologies and changing social norms. As Thai society experiences its own demographic and cultural transitions, understanding this phenomenon is crucial for policymakers, educators, and families.

A growing number of people are choosing to become solo parents, and the trend is increasingly visible in Thailand. More women are opting for parenthood through assisted reproduction and independent planning, driven by advances in reproductive tech, financial independence, and evolving social norms. As Thai society undergoes demographic and cultural shifts, understanding solo parenthood by choice is essential for policymakers, educators, and families.

Single parents by choice are individuals who deliberately decide to have and raise children on their own. The rise reflects broader access to fertility treatments, increased economic security for women, and shifting gender roles. Data from mature economies shows significant growth: in the United Kingdom, about 3.2 million families were headed by a single parent in 2023, most often led by women. In the United States, the share of children living with a single parent has risen substantially since the 1960s. While Thailand-specific numbers are limited, fertility clinics and professional networks report a noticeable uptick among urban professionals and women in their 30s and 40s.

A growing body of research investigated in a recent article in The Atlantic challenges conventional wisdom about how boys should be raised, revealing that gendered parenting and cultural expectations may be holding back the emotional and developmental well-being of boys. These findings carry special significance for parents and educators in Thailand, where traditional models of masculinity often shape family and school life.

In societies around the world, including Thailand, the prevailing narrative says that boys must be tough, stoic, and emotionally restrained to succeed in life. This perspective, fueled by generations of social customs and amplified by contemporary social media influencers as well as political rhetoric, encourages boys to suppress feelings in favor of physical strength and competition. However, new studies suggest that such approaches run counter to boys’ actual developmental needs and may have long-term negative effects, not just for the boys themselves but for wider society as well.

A wave of recent research summarized in a major national publication questions long-held ideas about raising boys. The findings suggest that traditional expectations of male toughness and emotional restraint may hinder boys’ emotional health and overall development. For Thai parents and educators, the implications are significant as family life and schools continue to shape young people’s growth.

Globally, including Thailand, the prevailing view has been that boys must be strong, stoic, and less expressive to succeed. This mindset is reinforced by cultural norms, social media, and political rhetoric, which can lead boys to suppress feelings in favor of competition and achievement. New studies, however, indicate such approaches may misalign with boys’ developmental needs and could carry long-term costs for individuals and society.

The pandemic reshaped family life worldwide, and Thailand is no exception. Fathers are taking on more active roles in childcare and daily routines, a trend that appears to persist beyond lockdowns. This shift matters not just for families but for Thai society, signaling evolving parenting norms and social expectations.

Before 2020, Thai culture often pictured fathers as primary breadwinners, while mothers handled day-to-day childcare and household tasks. The COVID-19 era disrupted these norms, with remote work and school closures forcing parents to stay home. Many fathers began assisting with online schooling, meal preparation, and playtime, marking a notable departure from traditional roles.

The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally redefined family life across the globe, with Thailand seeing its own transformation as fathers take on more active roles in childcare and family routines. Recent reports, including an op-ed from The New York Times, highlight a growing trend: dads are spending more time with their children since the pandemic, and this pattern appears to be holding steady post-pandemic (nytimes.com). This shift has significance not only for families but for the broader social fabric, raising questions about the future of parenting roles in Thailand and beyond.