#Genetics

A major international study is changing how autism is diagnosed, suggesting more cases may be identified earlier. Researchers from Princeton University and the Simons Foundation report four genetically distinct autism subtypes, offering explanations for cases that previously went unnoticed—especially among girls and individuals with subtler symptoms. Published in Nature Genetics, the study points toward biology-informed screening and the potential for tailored therapies, while addressing stigma for families. The findings resonate in Thailand, where autism awareness and diagnosis remain limited in many regions.

Prostate cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men worldwide, is again in the headlines as global cases continue to rise and new research underscores the urgent need for preventive measures. Recent estimates from the National Cancer Institute forecast more than 300,000 new cases in 2025 alone, marking prostate cancer as an escalating public health challenge not only globally but for Thailand’s aging male population. As medical experts intensify calls for awareness and regular screenings, cutting-edge studies are shining a light on modifiable lifestyle factors that may help stem the tide of this disease.

Prostate cancer is rising globally and in Thailand, making prevention and screening more urgent than ever. With an aging population, Thai men face higher risk, and lifestyle choices can influence disease progression. Early detection is crucial because initial stages often present no symptoms.

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland under the bladder that supports male reproductive health. Routine screening matters because early warning signs—blood in urine or semen, pelvic discomfort, difficulty urinating, or erectile changes—usually appear only after the disease has advanced. Regular screening, including the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal exams, is advised for men over 50 or those with a family history of prostate cancer.

A new line of research suggests a gene-targeting approach could mimic the brain-protective effects of exercise, offering potential dementia prevention for Thailand’s aging population. The therapy targets pathways activated by physical activity, potentially helping elderly individuals who cannot engage in regular exercise due to mobility issues or advanced symptoms.

Thailand is undergoing a rapid demographic shift, with millions entering older age in the coming decade. Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline strain families, healthcare systems, and the broader economy. While exercise remains a cornerstone of brain health, many Thai seniors face barriers such as arthritis, chronic conditions, or limited access to fitness facilities.

A groundbreaking study from Harvard researchers has highlighted a novel approach to fighting cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease—one that does not require physical exertion but instead targets specific genes in the brain to replicate the beneficial effects of exercise. This research opens new avenues for treatments, particularly for those unable to engage in regular physical activity due to frailty or advanced symptoms.

Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease remain pressing public health challenges globally, including in Thailand where a rapidly aging society faces rising rates of dementia. Traditionally, regular physical activity such as aerobic exercise has been strongly linked to slower cognitive deterioration and improved brain health. However, as experts note, many elderly patients—especially in the later stages of cognitive disorders—find it increasingly difficult to maintain an active lifestyle. This reality has driven scientists to explore the genetic and molecular pathways triggered by exercise, aiming to offer the same neuroprotective benefits via medical interventions.

A new study reveals that people with higher IQs are better at predicting life events, which leads to more informed choices. Led by the University of Bath’s School of Management and published in a leading psychology journal, the research highlights how intelligence influences everyday judgments about health, finances, and safety. For Thai readers, these insights help explain how knowledge can shape personal and national development.

Historically, researchers have linked intelligence to broad life outcomes such as income, education, and health. This study goes further by showing how cognitive ability affects probabilistic reasoning—the core skill behind risk assessment and decision making. In Thailand’s rapidly changing landscape, where households face more uncertainty, these findings resonate with efforts to build a knowledge-based society.

A groundbreaking new study has found that individuals with higher IQs possess a significantly greater ability to predict life events, resulting in better-informed decision-making. The research, led by the University of Bath’s School of Management and published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, sheds light on the crucial role intelligence plays not only in academic and occupational achievements but also in everyday judgments about health, finances, and personal safety. For Thai readers, understanding these findings could prove essential in navigating critical choices for both personal and national development.

A long-term study tracking nearly 50,000 midlife women over 30 years suggests that a daily cup of caffeinated coffee may help sustain mental sharpness and physical resilience as women age. The research points to a higher likelihood of aging without major illnesses, cognitive decline, depression, or frailty among regular coffee drinkers. For Thai readers, this adds a new layer to discussions about nutrition, genetics, and healthy aging in a fast‑changing society.

In a landmark scientific breakthrough, researchers have engineered fruit flies to voluntarily consume cocaine, establishing the world’s first insect model for studying the genetic and neurological roots of cocaine addiction. This innovative approach, announced in the Journal of Neuroscience and led by experts at the University of Utah, promises to accelerate the discovery of effective treatments for one of the most challenging substance use disorders worldwide, opening new horizons for both basic research and therapeutic development (NeuroscienceNews.com).

A team of researchers has created a fruit-fly model to study cocaine addiction, marking the first time insects have been used to explore the genetic and neurological roots of this disorder. The study, led by experts at a major university and published in a prominent neuroscience journal, aims to speed up the search for effective treatments for cocaine use disorder. The work suggests new ways to approach addiction research that could eventually benefit patients in Thailand and around the world.

Drinking a daily cup of coffee may do more than provide a morning pick-me-up—it could help women stay mentally sharp and physically robust as they age, according to a landmark 30-year study that followed nearly 50,000 women in their midlife years. The research, which stands out for its unprecedented scale and scope, found that women who consumed regular, caffeinated coffee were significantly more likely to age without developing serious diseases, cognitive decline, depression, or physical frailty. This discovery offers fresh hope to coffee lovers in Thailand and beyond, while also urging a more nuanced look at the relationship between genetics and nutrition as Thais seek to promote healthy aging in an era of rapid demographic change.

A new scientific breakthrough could accelerate global efforts to treat cocaine use disorder. Researchers at a major university have created the world’s first fruit fly model of cocaine addiction. By disabling the flies’ bitter-sensing nerves, the team caused them to self-administer cocaine-laced sugar water, a behavior never before seen in fruit flies. The study, published in a leading neuroscience journal and summarized by science outlets, signals a fast, cost-effective path to uncover genetic factors behind addiction.

In a scientific advance with potential global impact, researchers have engineered the world’s first fruit fly model of cocaine addiction—an innovation that promises to accelerate our understanding of cocaine use disorder and speed the development of effective treatments. By genetically modifying fruit flies to disable their bitter-sensing receptors, a research team led by a psychiatry specialist at the University of Utah has successfully encouraged addictive, voluntary cocaine self-administration in the insects, an outcome described in their recent Journal of Neuroscience publication and highlighted by Neuroscience News.

Prostate cancer has once again captured global attention following the recent diagnosis of former US President Joe Biden, shining a spotlight on a disease that is the most common cancer among men worldwide. While headlines often tout new prevention measures or promising lifestyle tweaks, leading experts have clarified that the factors most responsible for a man’s risk of developing prostate cancer lie largely beyond individual control: age, ethnicity, and family history. This evidence-based perspective, backed by the latest research, has vital implications for men in Thailand, where rising cancer rates are signaling the need for smarter screening and public health strategies.

Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer among men worldwide, a reality highlighted again by high-profile diagnoses. For Thai readers, experts emphasize a clear, evidence-based message: age, ethnicity, and family history are the main risk factors, while individual lifestyle choices have a limited impact on overall risk. This perspective shapes how Thailand should approach smarter screening and public health strategies.

Thai cancer statistics show a rising burden. In 2022, the incidence was 7.6 cases per 100,000 men. While this is lower than in Europe or North America, the trend is upward as medical care improves and life expectancy grows. Projections suggest new cases could double by 2040, underscoring the need for accessible, evidence-based screening programs across the country.

A sweeping new analysis published in May 2025 challenges the long-standing belief that mental disorders are largely inherited. The research argues that heritability explains far less of mental illness than once thought, urging a broader view that includes environment, trauma, and social factors in mental health. This shift has important implications for Thai readers, where openness about mental health is increasing but stigma and misinformation still linger.

In Thailand, where public dialogue around mental health is expanding, it is vital to understand that conditions like depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia are not determined solely by family history. Recognizing the role of social determinants can inform better policy, more inclusive services, and clearer messaging that reduces stigma across communities.

The assumption that mental disorders are largely inherited from our parents—a bedrock belief of biological psychiatry for decades—is now under serious scrutiny. According to a detailed new analysis published in May 2025, current research demonstrates that heritability explains far less about mental illness than previously assumed, prompting renewed calls for a broader understanding of the interplay between genes, environment, and psychology in shaping mental health (Madin America).

Why does this matter for Thai readers? In a country where mental health awareness is only now gaining national attention, public discourse often echoes global trends in medicine and psychiatry, including an emphasis on genetic causation. Many Thais, especially in urban areas, may be told that conditions like depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia run in families and are predominantly genetic. Understanding that mental disorders stem from more than just DNA could help counter stigma, inform policy, and inspire more comprehensive mental health support across the country.

A new discovery is sending ripples through the medical world: scientists have identified a gene called PHGDH not just as a bystander but as a direct cause of Alzheimer’s disease, potentially changing the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating condition. Uncovering a previously unknown function of this gene, researchers have also pinpointed a candidate drug-like compound that may one day prevent or slow the disease in its earliest stages – a major leap forward, especially for aging societies like Thailand.

A long-standing puzzle about why orange cats are so commonly male has been finally explained by new genetic research published in Current Biology. Scientists identified a specific deletion in DNA near the ARHGAP36 gene on the X chromosome. This mutation activates orange fur production, clarifying why most orange cats are male, while females require two copies to display full orange coloration. The discovery also explains why calico and tortoiseshell patterns are predominantly female, due to different X-chromosome inactivation. The findings come from independent studies by teams from a renowned U.S. university and a leading Japanese university, marking a milestone in feline genetics and veterinary science.

A new study reshapes our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers identify the PHGDH gene not just as a marker, but as a driver of brain changes linked to Alzheimer’s. They also spotlight a candidate drug-like compound that could slow the disease in its earliest stages. The finding holds particular relevance for aging societies like Thailand, where dementia care poses rising health and social challenges.

Globally, Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, affecting roughly one in nine people aged 65 and older. In Thailand, the rapidly growing elderly population brings heightened concerns about cognitive decline and dementia care. While rare genetic mutations are known to cause some cases, most Alzheimer’s cases arise spontaneously. This research offers fresh scientific insight and potential hope for families and health systems facing dementia.

A century-old mystery surrounding the striking orange coats of domestic cats has finally been unraveled by new genetic research published on May 15 in the journal Current Biology (source). Scientists have identified a unique “meow-tation” in feline DNA that not only gives orange cats their distinctive hues, but also explains why the vast majority of them are male—a question that has perplexed geneticists and cat fanciers alike since the early 20th century.

A recent international study suggests that higher blood caffeine levels may help reduce body fat and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. The findings, published in BMJ Medicine, come from researchers at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the University of Bristol, and Imperial College London. The study points to caffeine as a potential tool in managing obesity and diabetes, two major health challenges in Thailand, through everyday beverages like coffee.

A recent international study has revealed that higher concentrations of caffeine in the blood may help reduce body fat and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, sparking fresh debate about caffeine’s broader health effects for Thais and coffee lovers worldwide. The findings, published in BMJ Medicine and involving researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, University of Bristol, and Imperial College London, point to new possibilities for managing obesity and diabetes—two major public health challenges in Thailand—by leveraging something as simple as a cup of coffee.

A surge of new research is challenging long-held beliefs about how parenting shapes us as adults. In his book, Rethinking Psychology: Finding Meaning in Misconceptions, renowned psychologist Michael W. Eysenck highlights that genetics may play a larger role in adult personality than parenting styles. The Times of India outlines these findings, signaling important conversations for Thai families and educators accustomed to linking nurture with lifelong temperament and mental health.

In Thai culture, parenting often centers on discipline, moral guidance, and constant presence, values reinforced in homes, schools, and Buddhist temples. Eysenck’s synthesis draws on international studies to suggest that genetic inheritance accounts for a greater share of adult personality differences than previously recognized. While parental love and guidance remain essential for security and social skills, core traits such as extraversion, emotional stability, and openness may be rooted more in DNA than in parenting methods.