#Networkneuroscience

A growing cohort of neuroscientists argues that the brain should no longer be treated as a simple machine with linear cause-and-effect parts, and that this shift could explain why so many people with depression fail to get lasting benefit from current treatments. Award-winning neuroscientist Nicole Rust says the brain behaves more like a dynamic, feedback-driven system—akin to a megacity or the weather—where genes, experience, thought patterns and social forces continuously shape one another. The shift from a linear “gene → brain → behaviour” model to a complex-systems view helps explain persistent treatment gaps and is already guiding new therapeutic research, including psychedelic-assisted therapies and network-based interventions that aim to break maladaptive loops rather than simply correct a single “faulty” component (Neuroscience needs a new paradigm).

A new wave of neuroscience is reshaping how depression is understood and treated. Leading researchers argue that treating the brain as a simple machine with broken parts misses the bigger picture. A complex systems approach could transform mental health care for Thai families.

Depression is now viewed as an emergent property of dynamic, interconnected feedback loops involving biology, psychology, relationships, and environment. In Thailand, where millions are affected and treatment success varies, this systems view has clear implications for policy, clinics, and community-based care.