#Neurodevelopment

A groundbreaking international study has revealed that prenatal exposure to everyday urban air pollution may subtly alter fetal brain structures during critical phases of gestation. Published this week in The Lancet Planetary Health, the study adds urgency to public health calls for intensified efforts to reduce pollution exposure among pregnant individuals, highlighting both invisible threats to future generations and significant implications for densely populated cities like Bangkok (neurosciencenews.com).

The research, conducted by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) in partnership with several major university hospitals, offers the most detailed portrait yet of how common pollutants — such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and black carbon — are associated with measurable, if subtle, changes in fetal brain morphology. By using advanced ultrasound imaging on over 750 mother-fetus pairs, scientists tracked variations in brain structure during the second and third trimesters, a window long recognized by neuroscientists as vital to brain development.

A sweeping new meta-analysis has revealed that individuals with mental or neurodevelopmental disorders are about 1.5 times more likely to exhibit non-right-handedness — meaning left-handedness or mixed-handedness — than the general population, sharpening the focus on how biological factors may intersect with mental health. Published in the prestigious journal Psychological Bulletin, the study synthesizes an unprecedented dataset drawn from over 202,000 people and provides fresh insights into the subtle ways brain development may be linked to mental health risk (psypost.org).

A groundbreaking new study has revealed that extremes in brain synchrony—either too much or too little—may underlie distinct subtypes of autism, offering Thai families, educators, and clinicians fresh hope for more tailored approaches to diagnosis and support. Published on 17 April 2025 in The Transmitter, the research used advanced brain imaging across twenty mouse models genetically engineered to mimic autism, with remarkable implications for understanding the diversity—or heterogeneity—of the autism spectrum in humans (The Transmitter, 2025).

In a groundbreaking study from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), researchers have developed an advanced brain organoid model that incorporates microglia—special cells that play a crucial role in monitoring and maintaining brain health, particularly during inflammatory responses. This development holds potential for transforming pharmaceutical testing, especially concerning drug safety for pregnant women. Given the absence of specific antiviral treatments for conditions like Rubella during pregnancy, this advancement is noteworthy for both local and global health communities.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers employing virtual reality (VR) and functional MRI have unveiled distinct neural communication patterns in children with ADHD, diverging significantly from traditional methods that focus on resting brain states. Conducted by a collaboration of European universities, including Aalto University, the research underscores the potential of dynamic diagnostic methods and gamified tools in transforming ADHD diagnosis and treatment.

ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, remains a prevalent condition affecting many Thai children, characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Current diagnostic practices often rely on static brain imaging, which fails to capture the nuances of how these symptoms manifest in real-world interactions. This study marks a significant pivot towards understanding ADHD as an active neurodevelopmental disorder, where the brain’s interaction with the environment becomes a crucial diagnostic element.