#Neurology

A recent research review has uncovered a striking connection between tinnitus, a persistent ringing or buzzing in the ears with no external cause, and one of the body’s most important restorative processes: deep sleep. With around 15% of the global population suffering from tinnitus—many experiencing significant distress, sleep disturbances, and even depression—this finding could signal new directions for symptom management and treatment for millions, including Thais impacted by this commonly misunderstood condition ScienceAlert.

A growing body of new research is turning long-held assumptions about “mini-strokes” upside down, revealing that the effects of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) may linger far longer than previously thought. Once regarded as brief episodes with symptoms that disappear within a day, these transient strokes are now understood to pose significant long-term health risks—including persistent fatigue, cognitive decline, and an elevated risk of subsequent strokes and cardiovascular events. As experts warn against taking a TIA lightly, the implications for Thai patients and the healthcare system are profound, demanding heightened awareness, rapid intervention, and ongoing support.

A recent study published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, suggests that silent “mini-strokes,” technically known as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), may be a hidden cause behind constant fatigue experienced by many individuals—even those who never recognized the original neurological event. Danish researchers have revealed that lingering exhaustion following such mini-strokes can persist for up to a year, significantly challenging previous assumptions that symptoms of a TIA resolve within 24 hours and leaving global and Thai health professionals rethinking long-term care for stroke survivors.

In a compelling research development that is capturing international attention, scientists have identified a curious brain phenomenon known as “jamais vu”—a glitch that abruptly makes familiar situations appear completely strange, leaving millions feeling confused and disoriented in an instant. This startling effect, described as the psychological opposite of the well-known déjà vu, is gaining recognition for its implications on our understanding of memory, cognition, and neurological health. The revelation, recently featured in a widely discussed study, could significantly reshape the way we think about routine memory lapses and cognitive disturbances in daily life, including those experienced by people across Thailand.

As stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, health experts are urging the public to recognize its three most critical and visible symptoms: facial drooping, arm weakness, and speech disturbances. With new research highlighting the importance of swift action, specialists warn that identifying these signs and seeking immediate medical help can mean the difference between survival, permanent disability, or even death (Times of India).

In Thailand, stroke is a particularly urgent health concern. Not only is it the country’s leading cause of death among both men and women, but it also leaves tens of thousands with lasting disabilities every year (PMC Stroke Epidemiology in Thailand). Despite improvements in healthcare, recent epidemiological data show that the national stroke mortality has continued to rise over the past several years. According to data from the Ministry of Public Health, the mortality rate for stroke in Thailand increased from 20.8 to 30.7 per 100,000 people between 2008 and 2012—a concerning trend that underscores the need for public awareness (PMC Stroke Epidemiology in Thailand).

A growing body of scientific evidence is transforming the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, as new research demonstrates that regular, high-intensity exercise not only alleviates symptoms but may also slow the disorder’s progression. For thousands living with Parkinson’s—including many in Thailand—the findings could signal a dramatic shift toward accessible, non-drug therapies that improve quality of life and provide hope beyond conventional medication.

Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological condition affecting movement, has historically been managed with medications targeting dopamine deficiency. However, fresh insights from academic centers such as the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus reveal that exercise is more than just a supportive recommendation: it is now being prescribed as a first-line treatment. In one recent report, a 79-year-old participant recounted significant improvements in mood, strength, and mobility owing to her structured exercise regimen—changes she directly credits to a new, science-based approach since her diagnosis two years ago (medicalxpress.com).

A new wave of neuroscience-backed research highlights that the path to optimal brain health winds through specific, targeted physical activities. According to leading neurologists, five distinct exercises go beyond merely increasing blood flow—they actually reshape neural networks, boost key brain chemicals, and fortify the mind against aging and cognitive decline. This directly impacts Thai readers concerned with both lifelong mental sharpness and the prevention of serious conditions like dementia.

Research has established that the human brain, though only 2% of body weight, consumes almost 20% of the body’s energy. Thus, regular physical activity is vital to nourish and protect cognitive function (RollingOut). “Movement isn’t just about keeping the body fit,” explains a neurologist interviewed in the report. “Specific physical routines shape the very circuits that govern memory, focus, stress adaptation, and even emotional regulation.” This insight is particularly crucial for Thailand, where the population is rapidly aging and rates of Alzheimer’s and age-related cognitive disorders are projected to climb (Thai Gerontology Society).

A new study from the University of California, San Francisco, has sparked international concern after scientists found a compelling connection between poor sleep quality and accelerated brain shrinkage—a process that may begin much earlier in adulthood than commonly assumed. This research, published in the journal Neurology, suggests that even moderate trouble sleeping could make the brain appear years older, flagging sleep problems as a public health risk with potentially wide-reaching implications for Thailand.

A surge of new research is reshaping scientific and medical understanding, revealing that sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are not confined to reproduction—these hormones are powerful regulators that sculpt brain structure, function, and disease susceptibility. This growing insight is sparking calls for a biomedical revolution, advocating new approaches to treating neurological disorders and personalized medicine strategies that could transform lives in Thailand and globally.

For most of the twentieth century, hormones like estrogen and testosterone were primarily discussed for their roles in fertility, menstruation, pregnancy, and sexual development. However, as detailed in recent exposés from outlets such as the New York Times and a landmark review in Brain Medicine, researchers have steadily revealed that estrogen, in particular, promotes the health of nearly every organ in the human body, with a special, underappreciated influence on the brain itself (New York Times). This is not just a Western scientific curiosity—its implications touch on global health, with Thai neuroscientists and medical practitioners urged to take note.

A recent study has revealed that engaging in brisk walking or cycling three times per week can reduce the “brain age” of older adults by as much as ten years within just six months, offering renewed hope for those concerned about cognitive decline as they get older. The study, led by US-based researchers and published in the journal Neurology, found that regular, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise not only brings physical benefits but also has a remarkable effect on mental fitness—particularly for people already showing symptoms of cognitive impairment without dementia. This revelation is poised to resonate strongly in Thailand, where an ageing population and rising rates of chronic disease are focusing national attention on strategies to maintain quality of life in later years.

Sex hormones, long renowned for their role in reproduction, are now emerging as pivotal players in brain health—a transformative insight redefining how scientists and doctors tackle neurological diseases. Recent research, highlighted in The New York Times, reveals that estrogen and related hormones are not just confined to “reproductive” functions; they actively shape brain structure, energy metabolism, inflammation, and cognitive aging. This new understanding promises to revolutionize the management and treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis (MS), and other conditions more common in women than men. For Thailand, where an aging society and rising rates of dementia threaten families and health systems, this knowledge offers hope—and opens new conversations about gender, medicine, and the future of brain care NYT.

A recent research breakthrough suggests the most effective exercises for improving balance in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) should be carefully matched to each individual’s specific challenges, offering new hope for those struggling with everyday activities due to this debilitating condition. The study, published in Neurological Research and summarized by Multiple Sclerosis News Today, could change the way both patients and healthcare professionals in Thailand think about MS rehabilitation and underscores the importance of personalized care for Thai MS patients coping with similar symptoms (source).

Exciting news in the fight against Parkinson’s disease: Two newly published clinical studies are providing the strongest evidence yet that stem cell transplants may offer a powerful new treatment for people living with this debilitating condition. In results published this week in the journal Nature, both research teams found that surgically implanting lab-grown dopamine-producing cells into the brains of patients led to symptom improvements and no serious side effects—marking an important milestone after decades of painstaking efforts to replace the dying neurons at the root of Parkinson’s. For over a million Americans and countless others worldwide, including an estimated 150,000 Thais suffering from Parkinson’s, this research signals fresh hope for dramatically improving quality of life in the coming years (NPR).

In a groundbreaking study, researchers from Harvard, Stanford, and Northwestern University have discovered a significant connection between specific brain circuits and the intensity with which individuals engage in political activities. This revelation marks a vital step in understanding the neurological underpinnings of political behaviors, showing that intense ideological expression might be attributed to particular neural pathways rather than political ideology itself.

Historically, science has acknowledged the links between certain mental health disorders and aggressive political actions. However, the precise role the brain plays in these behaviors has remained largely unexplored. The latest study, published in the journal “Brain,” has addressed this gap by examining the neural circuits that potentially influence political actions.

Scientists have unlocked a deeper understanding of brain communication thanks to groundbreaking advancements in microscopy. By visualizing how glutamate, a key neurotransmitter, activates brain receptors, researchers are paving the way for new treatments for neurological conditions like epilepsy and intellectual disabilities. This pioneering study, recently published in the journal Nature, showcases how this critical brain process occurs at the molecular level.

In this innovative research spearheaded by Johns Hopkins Medicine, alongside collaborators from UTHealth Houston, scientists employed a cutting-edge cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) to capture high-resolution images of glutamate in action. The study illuminates the intricate dance between glutamate and AMPA receptors, channels which play a vital role in neuron-to-neuron communication—a fundamental aspect of how we perceive our environment and learn. Edward Twomey, Ph.D., a key researcher in the study, highlights that neurons’ ability to communicate through chemical signals is foundational for brain function.

For the millions of individuals diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, a new AI-enhanced treatment offers a gleam of hope. Adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS), as reported by the Washington Post, has significantly reduced symptoms for patients like Keith Krehbiel and James McElroy. This innovative approach has not only improved their motor functions but also allowed them to minimize dependency on medications, reducing adverse side effects.

Parkinson’s disease, affecting millions globally and thousands in Thailand, presents challenges that extend beyond the motor symptoms recognizable to the public. Medications, the traditional treatment method, often accompany severe side effects, including nausea, hallucinations, and erratic movements. At its core, Parkinson’s stems from neurons that engage in abnormal synchronized firing patterns known as oscillopathy, disrupting normal brain functions.

In a groundbreaking development, researchers at Washington University (WashU) Medicine in St. Louis have unveiled a novel blood test capable of diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and assessing its progression. This advancement has the potential to transform how the disease is detected and managed globally, including in Thailand, where the aging population presents unique healthcare challenges.

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating condition that affects over 55 million individuals worldwide, fundamentally impairing memory and cognitive function. Traditionally, diagnosis has relied on a combination of cognitive tests, brain imaging, and the detection of specific proteins like amyloid-beta and tau through invasive procedures. However, these approaches often fail to catch the disease early when intervention could be most beneficial.

In a remarkable exploration of the brain’s intricate language-processing regions, Dr. Evelina Fedorenko of MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research unveils groundbreaking discoveries that challenge and refine our understanding of how language is processed in the human brain. Her comprehensive research sheds light on both the uniqueness of these brain regions and their developmental trajectories, offering profound implications for cognitive science and language acquisition.

Growing up in the historically rich city of Volgograd, Russia, Fedorenko’s initial exposure to language as a tool for opportunity catalyzed her lifelong passion for linguistics. Her journey from a young polyglot in the Soviet era to a distinguished researcher in the United States captures a narrative of resilience and academic pursuit. At MIT, she leads innovative research to dissect how language networks in the brain operate and evolve, revealing insights that carry significant weight for educational and neurological applications.

A groundbreaking blood test has been developed to aid in the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease, providing hope for those experiencing cognitive decline. This innovation enables doctors to determine the presence and progression of Alzheimer’s, offering a significant leap forward in personalizing patient care. The test can potentially identify suitable drug therapies earlier in the disease’s progression, making treatments like donanemab and lecanemab more effective, as these are beneficial primarily in early-stage Alzheimer’s.

Recent explorations into the structural and functional differences between male and female brains unveil fascinating insights that extend beyond simple gender stereotypes. This compelling narrative in the Denver Catholic highlights the scientific findings that point to why men and women operate differently and how these differences influence behaviors and capabilities. Such revelations carry weight for Thai society, where understanding gender dynamics has broader social and cultural implications.

For years, psychologists and neurologists have probed into how men’s and women’s brains are wired. Historical studies, such as those by Herbert Landsell, initially revealed that men and women respond differently to brain damage due to the distinct hemispheric functions in their brains. While men exhibit more pronounced difficulties when brain damage occurs to a hemisphere controlling specific functions (like language or spatial skills), women can often compensate due to both hemispheres being engaged in processing these functions. This adaptability highlights the intricate neural dynamics that define female cognitive processing, where crucial functions like language and spatial awareness are more evenly distributed across the brain.

A groundbreaking discovery has emerged from recent research led by the German Primate Center and the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, highlighting the influence of two human-specific genes on brain development. This research, published on March 27, 2025, unveils how these genes uniquely contribute to the evolution of the human cerebrum, underscoring its unparalleled complexity in the animal kingdom.

The study illuminates the synergistic role these genes play: one gene induces the multiplication of brain progenitor cells, while the other facilitates their transformation into distinct progenitor cells destined to develop into neurons. This finely tuned mechanism is hypothesized to be a pivotal element in the evolutionary trajectory that has led to the exceptionally sophisticated human brain.

A recent study highlights the potential of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, in combating Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a promising avenue for slowing down or even preventing the neurodegenerative disorder. Conducted by researchers from the University of Delaware College of Health Sciences and the National Institute on Aging, this research marks a significant milestone as it confirms that NR can effectively cross into the brain, where it might mitigate the effects of aging and Alzheimer’s disease source.