#Neuroscience

A landmark international study narrows the field in the search for where consciousness arises in the brain, yet it stops short of declaring a final answer. Hundreds of participants across multiple laboratories tested the two leading theories—Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)—using advanced brain imaging. The results offer important directions for medicine and philosophy, including potential improvements in how Thai doctors assess patients with disorders of consciousness.

A new era in the scientific quest to pinpoint where consciousness arises in the brain has arrived with the publication of an unprecedented collaborative study, revealing tantalizing clues—but offering no final answers. International neuroscientists, working with the backing of major institutions, have tested the top two competing theories about consciousness using sophisticated brain imaging across hundreds of participants, uncovering emerging insights with far-reaching implications for clinical medicine and philosophical understanding.

A groundbreaking international review has found that even brief, high-intensity physical activity—like brisk walking for just a few minutes at a time—can significantly reduce the risk of dementia and slow cognitive decline as people age. Published in The Lancet and led by researchers from Norway’s Cardiac Exercise Research Group in collaboration with the Queensland Brain Institute, this study underscores the immense brain benefits of “microtraining” and calls for urgent updates to global and Thai physical activity guidelines to reflect these new findings (Neuroscience News).

A new international review suggests that brief, high-intensity activity—such as brisk walking for just a few minutes at a time—may significantly cut dementia risk and slow cognitive decline in older adults. Published in The Lancet and led by researchers from Norway’s Cardiac Exercise Research Group in collaboration with the Queensland Brain Institute, the study highlights the brain benefits of “microtraining” and urges updates to global and Thai physical activity guidelines to reflect these findings.

A groundbreaking scientific study has found that venturing into unfamiliar environments before studying can significantly enhance the brain’s capacity to absorb and retain new information, offering fresh strategies for Thai students and lifelong learners seeking to maximize their educational outcomes. The research, which has implications from primary education to university entrance exams and professional development in Thailand, underlines the value of combining experiences of novelty with the comfort of familiarity to optimize memory and learning.

A new study suggests that stepping into unfamiliar environments before studying can significantly boost how well Thai students absorb and recall information. The finding offers practical strategies for learners from primary school to university entrance exams and professional development in Thailand. By pairing experiences of novelty with the comfort of familiarity, memory and learning can be optimized.

In Thailand’s education system, many students rely on memorization for high-stakes tests such as the O-NET, GAT/PAT, and university entrance exams. This approach can feel overwhelming, with learners doubting their ability to retain large volumes of material. The latest research proposes a two-pronged method: introduce novelty to prime the brain, then anchor new information to familiar frameworks to improve recall.

New research is shining a spotlight on middle childhood (age 5 to 12), challenging the idea that these years are merely a transition between early childhood and adolescence. Studies and expert commentary suggest this period lays the groundwork for lifelong mental health, learning, and social skills. For Thai readers, the findings resonate with local values around harmony, discipline, and community involvement, while also highlighting areas where Thai schools and families can support children more effectively.

The formative years from age 5 to 12—often referred to as “middle childhood”—are gaining critical attention in new research, pushing back against long-standing misconceptions that these years are merely a pause between the milestones of early childhood and adolescence. Recent analyses, highlighted by scholars and major health organizations, are reframing this period as a dynamic stage that lays the foundation for lifelong mental, academic, and social well-being [Psychology Today].

Long viewed as a “waiting room” in both scientific literature and public perception, the years between 5 and 12 have not received the same focus as the “first 1,000 days” or the dramatic changes of adolescence. Yet, experts now warn this oversight could be costing societies dearly, especially as recent studies have detailed how brain development, emotional regulation, cognitive skills, and social habits solidify during these so-called “quiet years”. For families and educators in Thailand—where cultural values emphasize respectful quietude and conformity in young students—such findings are especially significant.

A new study published in Nature Communications shows that success in changing environments comes from flexible learning. Rather than sticking to instinct or copying others, people who blend personal exploration with social cues perform best. Using Minecraft as a dynamic simulation, researchers observed how adults adapt their strategies in real time, with clear implications for education, cognitive science, and social development.

For Thailand, the findings arrive at a timely moment as the country modernizes its education system and workplace culture to emphasize 21st-century skills. Digital transformation and social connectivity make adaptability essential. The research supports teaching students and employees to switch between personal experience and learning from peers, a balance that can boost both academic and professional outcomes in Thai society.

A new neuroscience study reveals how children’s brains respond differently to reading physical books compared with watching stories on screens, offering actionable guidance for Thai classrooms and homes. Research summaries highlight that traditional book reading engages language, imagery, and memory more robustly than screen-based storytelling, which may influence comprehension and recall over time.

In Thailand, the shift to online learning during the pandemic accelerated digital habits among families and schools. Literacy and early cognitive development remain critical for academic success and long-term community well-being, especially as smartphones and tablets become common in urban and rural households. Understanding how these tools affect young minds helps educators shape effective, culturally relevant approaches.

A new Lancet study highlights how regular physical activity protects brain health as we age, potentially lowering the risk of dementia and other cognitive conditions. The findings are especially relevant for Thailand, where an aging population makes brain health a growing concern for families and the health system.

Thailand’s population is aging rapidly, with projections suggesting more than 20% of residents will be 60 or older by 2025. The study reinforces a long-standing Thai belief in “kaeng raeng”—robust health through movement—showing that exercise does more than keep the body fit. It activates molecular and cellular processes that shield brain tissue from age-related decline.

A groundbreaking study published in Nature Communications reveals that the key to success in complex environments is not rigid adherence to instinct or imitation, but flexibility in learning—blending social and individual strategies as circumstances require. The research, leveraging the video game Minecraft as a sophisticated simulation platform, provides fresh insights into how humans dynamically adapt their approach to challenges, offering profound implications for education, cognitive science, and social development.

For Thai readers, the findings are especially significant as Thailand modernizes its education system and workplace culture, aiming to cultivate 21st-century skills. Rapid changes driven by digital transformation and social connectivity make adaptability more essential than ever. This new evidence underscores the value of teaching students and workers to toggle between learning from personal experience and absorbing cues from peers—a balance that could power both academic and workplace achievement in Thai society.

A new study by neuroscientists has provided the most detailed picture yet of how children’s brains function differently when reading physical books compared to viewing stories on screens, with important implications for educational strategies in Thailand and worldwide. According to research highlighted in a recent PsyPost report, distinct neural responses are triggered in young children during traditional book reading versus screen-based engagement—a finding raising vital concerns as digital devices become ubiquitous in both homes and classrooms.

A new study published in The Lancet has shed light on the powerful neuroprotective effects of regular exercise, highlighting its vital role in promoting healthy brain ageing and potentially reducing the risk of dementia and other cognitive diseases. The findings are of particular significance for Thai readers, as Thailand faces an ageing society with rising concerns over brain health and dementia rates among older adults.

With Thailand’s population shifting rapidly towards the elderly—projections estimate that over 20% of Thais will be aged 60 or over by 2025—the burden of age-associated cognitive decline has become a pressing issue for families and the healthcare system alike. The newly published research underscores the importance of fitness, adding scientific weight to long-standing folk wisdom encouraging an active lifestyle for “kaeng raeng”—robust health. The study, titled “Neuroprotective mechanisms of exercise and the importance of fitness for healthy brain ageing,” explains that physical activity goes beyond maintaining muscle and heart health: it triggers specific molecular and cellular mechanisms that directly protect brain tissue from age-related degeneration.

In a development that could rewrite neuroscience textbooks, researchers have identified a specific brain region believed to be central to human consciousness, offering new hope for brain injury patients and transforming how medicine, law, and education understand the mind. This groundbreaking discovery, led by an international team of neuroscientists and reported in a recent Earth.com article, marks a critical step in unraveling one of science’s deepest mysteries: where and how consciousness arises in the human brain Earth.com.

New research is challenging the classic view of serotonin as merely a mood hormone. A wave of studies points to a richer, context-dependent role for serotonin in everyday choices, with potential implications for mental health treatment in Thailand. The latest findings, highlighted by MedicalXpress, reveal dynamic serotonin signaling that may influence how people weigh risk, reward, and uncertainty in daily decisions.

Traditionally, serotonin has been portrayed as a straightforward messenger regulating happiness, depression, and anxiety. In Thailand, where mental health awareness campaigns are growing and SSRIs remain a common first-line treatment, understanding serotonin’s true function matters for millions of Thais. The old dogma suggested serotonin sends a basic reward or punishment signal guiding action, but researchers now describe a more nuanced system that adapts to context and experience.

A wave of new research is upending long-held beliefs about the “feel-good” brain chemical serotonin, suggesting its roles in everyday decision-making are far more intricate than previously thought. A recent article from MedicalXpress spotlights studies unveiling a complex serotonin system, revealing dynamic activity patterns that could revolutionize how scientists—and potentially clinicians—approach human behavior, mental health, and treatment strategies MedicalXpress.

For decades, serotonin has been popularized as a simple chemical messenger regulating mood, with its influence on happiness, depression, and anxiety immortalized in everything from health textbooks to Thai social media memes. In Thailand, where mental health awareness campaigns are gaining momentum and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) remain a first-line treatment for depression, understanding how serotonin truly affects everyday choices has wide-ranging implications. Scientific dogma once held that serotonin’s main function was to broadcast a basic reward or punishment signal, essentially nudging people toward or away from certain actions.

Researchers have identified a specific brain area that appears crucial to conscious experience, a finding that could influence medical care for brain injuries and reshape discussions in medicine, law, and education. The study, conducted by an international group of neuroscientists, represents a meaningful advance in understanding how awareness emerges in the human brain. Data from leading research institutions shows that consciousness may hinge on a region at the back of the brain, the posterior cerebral cortex, rather than solely on the frontal areas once thought central.

A major international research project led by the University of Ottawa is upending decades-old assumptions about how serotonin neurons function in the brain, with profound potential implications for treating mood disorders such as depression and understanding how our brains make binary decisions. Published in Nature Neuroscience on April 25, 2025, the study reveals that serotonin neurons—long thought to act as isolated units—actually form interconnected networks that collaborate and compete, orchestrating the brain’s serotonin output in ways far more complex than previously believed. The findings mark a major shift in neuroscience’s understanding of one of the brain’s most important neurotransmitter systems and open new avenues for targeted mental health therapies (Neuroscience News).

A major international study led by researchers at the University of Ottawa reshapes how we understand serotonin neurons in the brain. Published in Nature Neuroscience on April 25, 2025, the work shows these neurons are not isolated messengers but form interconnected networks that cooperate and compete. This dynamic orchestration influences regional serotonin release and could inform targeted treatments for mood disorders such as depression. The findings mark a significant shift in neuroscience and open doors to more precise mental health therapies.

A growing body of research continues to affirm what fitness enthusiasts have long suspected: regular physical activity is one of the most potent defenses against memory loss and cognitive decline. A new wave of studies in 2025 offers fresh, compelling evidence that working out does more than build muscles—it fortifies brain resilience, providing a potential shield against conditions like dementia and memory impairment. For Thai readers seeking practical, research-backed insights on preserving mental sharpness as they age, the latest findings carry both hope and actionable takeaway.

A recent collaboration between Chinese and French neuroscientists has produced groundbreaking findings on the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, signaling potential advances in how the human mind is understood and how altered states of awareness might be approached in medical settings. This research, as reported by the South China Morning Post, has captured the global scientific community’s attention by illuminating the intricate neural networks believed to govern conscious experience, and it raises important implications for the future of neuroscience, medicine, and even philosophy.

A landmark review in The Lancet reinforces a simple truth: regular exercise helps protect the aging brain. The study outlines several ways physical activity supports cognitive function, potentially lowering dementia risk and promoting sharper thinking across the lifespan. For Thailand’s aging population, these insights come with timely practical implications, highlighting fitness as an affordable, scalable pathway to brain health.

In Thailand, more than 15% of people are over 60, placing dementia and related conditions high on the national health agenda. While genetics matter, lifestyle choices like consistent exercise remain among the most accessible strategies to build cognitive resilience. The new review explains how activity stimulates brain cell growth, strengthens neural connections, and raises brain-derived neurotrophic factors that support learning and memory. Exercise also benefits heart health, reduces chronic inflammation, and helps regulate blood sugar and blood pressure—factors closely tied to cognitive performance and dementia risk. Together, these mechanisms can delay or lessen memory decline in ageing populations.

A growing body of scientific research is shedding new light on the powerful ways that regular exercise can protect the brain as people age, supporting sharper thinking and potentially lowering the risk of dementia. The latest review, published in The Lancet, details multiple neuroprotective mechanisms by which physical activity benefits the ageing brain, amplifying longstanding calls for Thais—and people worldwide—to prioritise fitness for lifelong cognitive health The Lancet.

This news carries significant implications for Thailand’s rapidly ageing society. With more than 15% of the population now over 60, the Kingdom faces surging rates of dementia and related disorders, making brain health a national priority. While genetics and other factors do play a role, the new review points out that lifestyle interventions like exercise remain among the most accessible and cost-effective measures to promote cognitive resilience in later years.