#Neuroscience

New research is reshaping our understanding of how sex hormones influence the brain. Estrogen and other reproductive hormones are not limited to fertility; they act as powerful regulators that shape brain structure, function, and disease risk. The implications are global and deeply relevant for Thailand, where clinicians are exploring how to integrate hormonal health into neurological care and personalized medicine.

Historically, hormones like estrogen and testosterone were discussed mainly in the context of reproduction. Today, neuroscience shows that estrogen plays a broad, protective role across many organs, with especially strong effects in the brain. Brain imaging reveals that estrogen receptors are widespread, influencing memory, mood, and resilience after injury. These discoveries highlight the centrality of hormonal status in neurological health.

A collaboration between Chinese and French neuroscientists has yielded fresh insights into how consciousness arises in the brain. Using advanced imaging and neurotechnologies, researchers traced the networks active during awake, unconscious, and altered states. Their work identifies neural patterns that distinguish conscious from unconscious processing, offering a more nuanced map of where awareness originates in the brain. The findings, highlighted by the South China Morning Post, signal potential advances in diagnosing disorders of consciousness and guiding treatment strategies.

A groundbreaking study from Trinity College Dublin is reshaping long-held ideas about how memories form, store, and are retrieved. Led by a senior neuroscience researcher at the Institute of Neuroscience, the work shows that memories are not confined to single neurons. Instead, they are stored within dynamic networks of engram cells—groups of neurons whose interactions create and link memories across time and context. This shift has wide implications for learning, neurological diseases, and how the brain regulates physiology.

Fresh evidence in 2025 reinforces a simple truth: staying active protects memory and strengthens brain resilience as we age. Physical activity goes beyond shaping the body; it supports cognitive sharpness and may lower the risk of dementia. For Thai readers, this translates into practical steps that fit daily life, families, and local communities.

Thailand’s aging population makes brain health increasingly urgent. Data from Thailand’s National Statistical Office shows the country’s older adults are growing rapidly, with projections indicating higher shares of seniors in the next decade. Memory problems and dementia rank high on families’ concerns, underscoring the need for accessible prevention strategies. Global and local research on brain resilience offers timely guidance for this context.

Human understanding of how the brain creates, stores, and retrieves memories may be on the verge of a radical transformation, as cutting-edge research from a team at Trinity College Dublin has upended decades-old theories about memory. Led by a leading neuroscientist at the college’s Institute of Neuroscience, this fresh research shows that memories are not locked away in single neurons as previously thought, but rather stored via complex interactions between groups of special neurons known as “engram cells.” The implications for neurological disorders, learning, and even the way we regulate our bodies are profound.

A surge of new research is reshaping scientific and medical understanding, revealing that sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone are not confined to reproduction—these hormones are powerful regulators that sculpt brain structure, function, and disease susceptibility. This growing insight is sparking calls for a biomedical revolution, advocating new approaches to treating neurological disorders and personalized medicine strategies that could transform lives in Thailand and globally.

For most of the twentieth century, hormones like estrogen and testosterone were primarily discussed for their roles in fertility, menstruation, pregnancy, and sexual development. However, as detailed in recent exposés from outlets such as the New York Times and a landmark review in Brain Medicine, researchers have steadily revealed that estrogen, in particular, promotes the health of nearly every organ in the human body, with a special, underappreciated influence on the brain itself (New York Times). This is not just a Western scientific curiosity—its implications touch on global health, with Thai neuroscientists and medical practitioners urged to take note.

A major new study led by the University of Ottawa redefines how serotonin works in the brain. The research shows serotonin neurons in the brainstem form interactive networks that compete and cooperate, shaping when and where serotonin is released. This challenges the long-held view of a uniform serotonin signal and suggests a nuanced system that could influence mood and behavior. Research by neuroscience teams worldwide underpins this shift.

For Thai readers, understanding serotonin’s complex role matters because mood disorders such as depression and anxiety are rising public health concerns. Thailand’s Department of Mental Health reports increasing depression rates nationwide, which affect education, workplace productivity, and overall well-being. Insights into serotonin’s precise functions may lead to smarter, more personalized interventions for many Thai patients and families.

A groundbreaking new study published by an international research team led by the University of Ottawa is challenging decades-old beliefs about how serotonin works in the brain, uncovering a sophisticated web of interactions among serotonin neurons that could help redefine the treatment of mood disorders such as depression. Researchers found that instead of acting independently, clusters of serotonin neurons in the brainstem actively compete and collaborate, shaping both the timing and manner of serotonin release across different brain regions—a finding that overturns prior conceptions of a uniform serotonin signal and points to a more nuanced understanding of brain function and behavior (Neuroscience News).

As exam season intensifies in Thai schools, families look for practical ways to support students under growing pressure. A recent neuroscientific perspective highlighted by a leading expert in The Times offers evidence-based strategies for caregivers to ease children’s stress during high-stakes tests, with clear relevance for Thailand’s national exams and university entrance assessments.

Thai students often face anxiety, sleep difficulties, and self-doubt during rigorous testing periods. Behavioral science suggests that supportive parenting can reduce both physiological and psychological stress responses, even when exam demands feel overwhelming.

A recent analysis in Trends in Cognitive Sciences confirms a common yet underappreciated brain state: mind blanking. This phenomenon is distinct from daydreaming or boredom and shows specific changes in brain activity, heart rate, and levels of alertness. For Thai readers balancing study loads, exams, and fast-paced work life, these findings offer a clearer picture of everyday lapses and their implications for mental health.

For years, moments of “nothing” in the mind were chalked up to inattention or fatigue. Now, researchers synthesized findings from 80 studies and direct brain measurements to show that mind blanking is a real, frequent, and complex state. Thai students and professionals may experience blanking about 5% to 20% of the time, a figure that invites a more realistic view of focus and productivity in busy routines.

As the intensity of exam season ramps up in Thailand’s schools, families across the country find themselves searching for ways to support students under mounting pressure. Recent neuroscientific research, as discussed in a widely circulated article by a prominent neuroscientist in The Times, provides fresh insights into how caregivers can help children handle academic stress, with implications that resonate powerfully for Thai households navigating national exams and university entrance tests source.

A joint team of Chinese and French researchers has produced the most detailed map yet of the claustrum, a thin brain region long shrouded in mystery. The study in Cell, published on April 3, uses single-cell spatial transcriptomics to chart the claustrum in the crab-eating macaque and reveals its complex connections with the cortex and hippocampus. The researchers highlight evolutionary differences between primates and rodents, suggesting that brain evolution may shape consciousness. According to the study, this atlas provides a molecular framework for exploring how the claustrum contributes to cognition and awareness.

A groundbreaking wave of neuroscience research is redefining what it means to think—and, crucially, why artificial intelligence (AI) still falls far short of the intricacies of the human mind. A newly published feature in Salon highlights the distinct evolutionary adaptations that make the human brain more than a glorified computer, challenging decades-old assumptions fundamental to AI development and the neural network concept that underlies machine learning models.

For years, popular understanding—and much of AI research—has treated the brain as a vast network made up of nearly identical neurons whose intelligence emerges through the patterns of their collective firing. This view inspired so-called artificial neural networks, computer systems designed to solve problems by mimicking the way brains process information. Such analogies, cemented over decades, fostered the belief that if machines could imitate the structure and connectivity of brains, they might one day match, or even surpass, human intellect. But recent scientific discoveries show this metaphor misses the mark in fundamental ways, with profound implications for both neuroscience and the future of AI.

A team of Chinese and French researchers has produced the most detailed blueprint yet of the mysterious claustrum region in primate brains, a scientific advance that could help unravel the biological roots of consciousness and reframe our understanding of mental health and awareness. Published in the prestigious journal “Cell”, the April 3 study charts the intricate landscape of the crab-eating macaque’s claustrum—a tiny strip of tissue in the brain historically overshadowed by more prominent regions, but now emerging as a prime suspect in the quest to decode the essence of conscious experience (source).

A groundbreaking new study has revealed that what you see isn’t just a reflection of the world—your brain actively decides “what it wants you to see”, and that decision can change depending on your immediate goals. This discovery, recently published in Nature Communications and spotlighted by Earth.com, challenges a long-held belief about vision, highlighting the brain’s astonishing ability to reshape perception in real time to suit our intentions and tasks (cited from Earth.com: https://www.earth.com/news/rethinking-vision-the-brain-sees-what-it-wants-to-see/).

A fresh study reveals that vision isn’t a passive window to reality. The brain actively decides what to show us, and those choices shift with our immediate goals. Published in Nature Communications and highlighted by science outlets, the research shows the visual system adapts in real time to suit tasks and intentions.

For Thai readers, this means perception is a dynamic process influenced by context, purpose, and cultural expectations. The finding has practical relevance—from navigating Bangkok streets to teaching and mental health. It also hints at future advances in education and AI that mimic human flexibility.

A new study published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences is shedding light on a phenomenon everyone from Thai university students staring at exam papers to harried Bangkok office workers can relate to: the mind suddenly, inexplicably going blank. Once lumped in with mind wandering, “mind blanking” has now been described by neuroscientists as a unique and measurable state linked not just to daydreaming or boredom, but to specific changes in the brain, body, and levels of alertness. The findings carry important implications for how we understand everyday lapses—along with clinical conditions like anxiety and ADHD—for people in Thailand and around the world.

New neuroscience findings are reshaping what we mean by “thinking.” They show that artificial intelligence, though powerful, still lags far behind the human brain’s complexity and adaptability. A recent feature highlights how evolutionary advances give humans unique capabilities that machines struggle to replicate, challenging long-standing AI assumptions rooted in neural network models.

Why this matters for Thai readers. As Thailand accelerates digital transformation in health, education, and business, understanding how intelligence works—biological and artificial—helps shape better policies and practical AI applications. These insights also matter for how AI is used in Thai classrooms, hospitals, and public services, where accuracy, empathy, and cultural context matter.

A Washington Post column sparked debate after a grandmother described letting her 2½-year-old granddaughter cry for up to 30 minutes to encourage independence and ease preschool routines. Scientists and child psychologists now urge a nuanced, compassionate approach, especially for Thai families juggling traditional wisdom with modern parenting guidance.

The core scenario is familiar: a tired, hungry, or emotionally seeking toddler cries for attention after time apart from working parents. In Thai culture, many grandparents instinctively respond with quick comfort, reflecting long-standing beliefs about nurturing and emotional warmth in early childhood. Contemporary voices, meanwhile, warn that over-responses can “spoil” toddlers or foster dependency. The question remains: what does science say about how caregivers should respond to toddler distress?

A new study published in Developmental Psychology highlights how responsive parenting can shape the emotional brain of babies with sensitive or turbulent temperaments. When caregivers consistently attune to a baby’s cues, the developing brain shows patterns linked to better emotional regulation and empathy. The findings hold significance for Thai families and global parenting practices alike, suggesting adaptive caregiving supports long-term resilience.

About 20% of newborns are naturally highly sensitive—quick to startle, easily upset, and slow to settle. If these traits are not buffered by positive caregiving, they can increase the risk of later emotional challenges, including anxiety. In Thailand’s context, where harmony and self-control are valued, supporting healthy emotional development is a priority for parents and educators, and aligns with public health goals to reduce behavioral and academic difficulties.

A new study published just days ago in “Developmental Psychology” has spotlighted the remarkable impact of responsive parenting on infants born with sensitive or “turbulent” temperaments—a revelation with far-reaching significance for Thai families and global parenting practices alike (Neuroscience News). Researchers report that attuned caregiving, in which parents accurately and consistently respond to a baby’s cues, can “rewire” the developing brain to foster better emotional regulation and empathy, especially in babies most at risk for later anxiety and emotional difficulties.

A wave of neuroscience research is shedding fresh light on why people follow orders, even when those directions clash with personal morals. The impulse to comply is rooted in brain function and cultural norms, researchers say, with implications for classrooms, workplaces, and public health in Thailand.

The core question connects authority, social pressure, and individual conscience. The topic is familiar to many Thais, where respect for elders, teachers, and hierarchical structures influence daily decisions. Modern neuroscience is starting to identify brain mechanisms behind obedience. When people receive commands from those in power, activity in brain regions tied to moral judgment and self-agency often decreases. Neuroscientist Dr. Micah Edelson notes that individuals may “offload” responsibility when obeying orders, which dampens personal accountability. The area most affected is the anterior cingulate cortex, linked to empathy and self-control.

Scientists have taken a dramatic leap forward in unraveling one of neuroscience’s greatest mysteries: understanding how the human brain actually becomes consciously aware of the world around it. In an innovative experiment, a team from Beijing Normal University has identified a compact yet influential region deep within the brain—the thalamus—as the apparent “switchboard” that regulates conscious perception. Their findings, published in the journal Science, stand to reshape both scientific theory and practical approaches to neurological disorders worldwide, and offer thought-provoking implications for Thai medical practice and cultural conceptions of mind Wired.

A recent column in The Washington Post prompted fierce debate after a grandmother described her daughter’s strategy of letting a 2½-year-old granddaughter cry for up to 30 minutes rather than picking her up—a response designed, the parents say, to encourage independence and make things easier for teachers at preschool. But is “crying it out” appropriate or potentially harmful at this age? New neuroscience studies and child psychology experts urge a more nuanced, compassionate approach, especially for young Thai families navigating traditional and modern parenting advice.