#Neuroscience

Scientists have unveiled new insights into how our brain constructs and retrieves memories, focusing on the previously elusive engram cells and their complex network of connections. Recent research conducted at Trinity College Dublin highlights these neuronal structures and their role in memory formation and linkages, shifting the focus from individual neurons to networks of cells that hold and synchronize our life’s experiences.

The study, led by Dr. Tomás Ryan, centers around engram cells, specialized neurons responsible for capturing and storing distinct experiences. These cells form intricate networks that allow memories to be created and reactivated at a later time. This emerging understanding has profound implications for our conception of memory: memories aren’t merely etched into single neurons but rather exist as dynamic links between multiple cells.

As temperatures rise and sunshine becomes more frequent during the spring and summer months, not only does the world around us change, but so does our brain. Recent research published by neuroscientists has unveiled intriguing ways that warmer weather impacts our mood, cognition, hormone levels, and even our decision-making processes. These findings reveal that our brains don’t just feel different in warmer months—they actually undergo subtle, measurable transformations.

When exposed to more sunlight, our brains produce increased levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in mood regulation. Studies show that sunlight exposure can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, proving particularly beneficial for individuals with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). The added sunlight not only enhances our mood but also promotes serotonin activity in regions of the brain associated with social interactions. This explains why people tend to feel more sociable and extroverted in the warmer seasons, with increased engagement in social activities and events.

Sunlight and rising temperatures do more than brighten days. They subtly alter mood, thinking, and social behavior. New neuroscience findings show our brains undergo measurable changes with the seasons, especially in spring and summer, affecting mood, cognition, appetite, sleep, and interactions.

More sunlight increases serotonin activity, which helps regulate mood. This may ease symptoms of depression and anxiety, particularly for those with Seasonal Affective Disorder. Brighter days also enhance social brain networks, helping people feel more sociable and engaged at events and gatherings.

A recent study from a leading university reveals that a single episode of food poisoning can leave a lasting imprint on the brain, shaping future eating habits. The findings illuminate a brain process called one-shot learning, where a single event forms a durable memory that can influence behavior for years. This has broader implications for how memories form, trauma, and PTSD, and it connects gut signals to emotional learning in the brain.

A new model from researchers at the University of Liège offers a cohesive explanation for near-death experiences (NDEs). The framework, named NEPTUNE (Neurophysiological Evolutionary Psychological Theory Understanding Near-death Experience), blends neurobiology, psychology, and evolutionary ideas to better explain these dramatic episodes triggered by life-threatening events.

In summary, NEPTUNE suggests that physiological stress near critical moments—such as reduced oxygen supply, elevated carbon dioxide, and disrupted brain energy metabolism—drives the vivid perceptual and emotional phenomena associated with NDEs. Reports commonly include out-of-body sensations, time distortion, and intense feelings of peace, often accompanied by bright lights, tunnels, or symbolic imagery.

A recent breakthrough from Princeton University reveals how a single instance of food poisoning can leave a lifelong mark on the brain, altering eating habits and potentially explaining why certain foods become unfathomable after a bad experience. This discovery sheds light on a particular brain mechanism known as “one-shot learning,” where a single event imprints a long-term memory, paving the way for understanding broader memory formation and its implications for trauma and PTSD Earth.com.

As the world embraces the arrival of spring and summer, nature isn’t the only thing undergoing a transformation. Research highlighted in a recent article by Jamie Frater and Alexis Barret reveals how our brains undergo significant changes in warmer weather, affecting everything from mood and social behavior to decision-making and creativity. Understanding these changes is particularly relevant for Thai readers as the country experiences seasonal shifts that extend beyond mere temperature changes to influence societal behaviors and individual well-being.

In a groundbreaking development in the field of neuroscience, a study led by researchers from the University of Liège has introduced a novel model explaining the mechanisms behind near-death experiences (NDEs). The model, called NEPTUNE (Neurophysiological Evolutionary Psychological Theory Understanding Near-death Experience), offers an integrative framework based on empirical findings across neurobiology, psychology, and evolutionary theory. This advancement provides a more cohesive understanding of NDEs, often described as profound episodes of disconnected consciousness triggered by life-threatening situations.

As spring and summer arrive, our brains respond to the heat in ways that affect mood, social life, decision-making, and creativity. A recent synthesis highlights how warmer weather shapes brain chemistry and behavior. For Thai readers, these findings connect with Thailand’s own seasonal rhythms and urban realities.

Thailand’s warm climate provides a timely backdrop for these insights. More sunshine tends to boost serotonin, a brain chemical linked to mood stability and lower anxiety. The positive impact of sunlight has inspired education programs in some Nordic countries to include daily outdoor exposure for students, a concept worth considering in Thai schools as part of holistic well-being.

A new study identifies brain circuits that regulate how intensely people engage with politics, without altering their beliefs. Researchers from Northwestern University and Shirley Ryan AbilityLab show that the prefrontal cortex and amygdala influence political fervor rather than ideology. The findings could guide efforts to promote calmer public dialogue and improve neuropsychiatric assessments by revealing the neurological roots of political passion.

In a study involving Vietnam War veterans with various brain injuries, researchers found that damage to the prefrontal cortex heightened political intensity by reducing cognitive control. In contrast, lesions to the amygdala tended to lessen fervor by dampening emotional responses. The team notes these circuits affect political engagement across the ideological spectrum, reinforcing that intensity—not content—is shaped by brain activity. Thai readers will appreciate how this research speaks to everyday debates that can become emotionally charged, underscoring the value of emotional awareness in discussions.

A new study by MIT researchers, including Evelina Fedorenko, reveals that language processing relies on specialized brain regions. The findings offer practical lessons for education, health, and policy in Thailand.

Language matters beyond scholars. For Thai educators and policymakers, these insights can shape how language is taught and assessed. Using advanced imaging, researchers separated language-specific areas from other cognitive functions. They found that core language regions sit mainly in the left frontal and temporal lobes and are dedicated to language tasks rather than functions like coding or recognizing facial expressions. This supports the idea that language operates as a distinct system with limited overlap with other skills.

In a groundbreaking study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have uncovered fascinating insights into how the brain consolidates memories during wakeful moments, offering implications that resonate beyond mere academic curiosity to practical applications in education and memory enhancement. The study, led by Dr. David Halpern and Dr. Michael J. Kahana, explores the brain’s spontaneous tendency to reactivate specific stimuli during short intervals between encoding tasks, predicting which memories are retained with greater accuracy at a later stage.

In a groundbreaking study, MIT’s Evelina Fedorenko and her team have unveiled new insights into how the brain processes language, emphasizing the specialized and resilient nature of language regions. By investigating the brain’s language-processing areas, this research not only enhances our understanding of linguistic functions but also offers fresh perspectives on brain plasticity and cognitive resilience, particularly relevant for Thai readers interested in the intersections of education and health.

Understanding how our brains parse and produce language is crucial not only for neuroscientists but also for educators and policy-makers in Thailand seeking to optimize language education strategies. Fedorenko’s work, which employs advanced techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has successfully isolated language-specific regions from other cognitive functions. Her findings indicate that these regions, primarily located in the left frontal and temporal lobes, are exclusively engaged with language tasks, unlike other activities such as reading computer code or interpreting facial expressions. This highlights the brain’s specialization, challenging assumptions that language processing overlaps significantly with other cognitive functions (source).

A groundbreaking study from Princeton University has illuminated the intricate ways in which our brains develop aversions to foods following episodes of food poisoning. This research, published in Nature, reveals how illness-induced signals from the gut communicate with the brain through specific neural pathways, altering memory and decision-making processes. Such insights not only advance our understanding of the brain but also hold potential for treating conditions if the gut-brain communication is disrupted.

A groundbreaking study published in Nature has developed the largest and most detailed single-cell map of how the brain ages, revealing which cell types and regions are most susceptible to changes over time. Conducted by researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science, the study mapped over 1.2 million brain cells from both young and older mice, uncovering key vulnerabilities in the hypothalamus—a region crucial for regulating hunger, hormones, and energy balance source.

A recent study from a leading U.S. university offers fresh evidence on how the brain forms food aversions after illness. Published in a top science journal, the research explains how signals from the gut travel to the brain through specific neural pathways, reshaping memory and decision-making. The findings deepen our understanding of brain–gut connections and point to potential therapies if this communication system malfunctions.

Many people instinctively avoid foods that once caused illness, a pattern that can persist for years. This common experience underscores the powerful link between digestion and cognition, a relationship increasingly explored by scientists. The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional network that helps regulate digestion, emotions, and even behavior. Thailand’s health community follows such research closely for its potential to inform patient care and public health strategies.

In a compelling exploration published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, scientists have unveiled a vital connection between low self-awareness and heightened brain responses to moralized political issues. This research, which taps into the intersection of neuroscience, psychology, and political science, reveals that people who hold strong moral convictions about political matters tend to make decisions swiftly. These decisions are significantly swayed by both emotional brain reactions and the individual’s capacity for metacognition, or the ability to evaluate one’s own thought processes.

A new single-cell brain map in Nature reveals which cell types and regions are most affected by aging, offering guidance for Thailand’s aging population. Researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science analyzed over 1.2 million brain cells from young and older mice, spotlighting a vulnerability hotspot in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates hunger, hormones, and energy balance, suggesting links between aging, metabolism, and cognitive changes.

Data from leading neuroscience centers show aging affects the brain unevenly. Rather than a uniform decline, specific cell types undergo distinct gene-expression changes over time. Using single-cell transcriptomics, investigators compared gene activity across life stages akin to human young adulthood and middle age. The study identified 2,449 genes with age-related changes, concentrated mainly in the hypothalamus, pointing to a potential target for interventions aimed at healthy aging and neurodegenerative disease prevention.

A groundbreaking study has identified specific neural circuits that regulate the intensity of political engagement without swaying the content of political beliefs. Conducted by researchers from Northwestern University and the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, the study sheds light on how the prefrontal cortex and amygdala contribute to political fervor. The findings hold promise for promoting healthier political discourse and enhancing neuropsychiatric assessments through an understanding of the underlying neurological mechanisms.

In a study involving Vietnam War veterans with varying degrees of brain injuries, researchers found that lesions in the prefrontal cortex increased political intensity by diminishing cognitive control, whereas lesions in the amygdala reduced political fervor by muting emotional responses. Importantly, these brain circuits enhance or dampen the intensity of political engagement across the ideological spectrum, supporting the idea that the intensity of conviction rather than the nature of beliefs is influenced by these brain areas source.

A new study in Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience links lower self-awareness to stronger brain reactions when people face morally charged political issues. The findings suggest that people with firm moral stances on politics tend to decide quickly, guided by emotional signals and their ability to assess their own thinking.

Led by researchers from a major U.S. university, the project explores how political polarization and intolerance take root in the brain. When a political position is framed as a moral issue, brain regions tied to emotional salience, conflict monitoring, and cognitive control show heightened activity. This rapid, confident decision-making can be less accurate for those with limited metacognitive sensitivity, who rely more on moral cues to judge situations.

Intracranial EEG research uncovers that the brain rehearse recently encoded information during short wakeful breaks, improving later recall. A leading university team tracked spontaneous brain reactivation between encoding tasks and found that brief, wakeful periods can enhance memory retention—not just sleep. The findings offer practical implications for teaching and learning strategies in Thai classrooms.

Traditionally, memory consolidation has been linked to sleep. This study challenges that view by showing the brain can perform quick mental rehearsals during brief interludes between tasks. Such short-term reactivation appears to strengthen the encoding of stimuli, helping students remember information more accurately on tests.

A provocative finding sits at the crossroads of neuroscience, commerce, and public life. Brain activity during everyday grocery shopping may hint at political affiliation with around 80% accuracy. Researchers from a major Midwestern university led the study in collaboration with several institutions, signaling a step beyond curiosity into how biology intersects with beliefs.

The study, published in a psychology and biology journal, emphasizes practical relevance. Neural responses during routine economic decisions could reflect deeper ideological tendencies. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers observed adults making choices between common items like milk and eggs, ensuring the decisions were neutral and representative of daily life.

A new study links lower self-awareness to stronger brain responses when people encounter morally charged political issues. Published research shows that moral judgments engage emotion and cognitive-control networks, helping explain why some political beliefs feel non-negotiable.

In today’s highly polarized climate, the findings matter for Thai audiences as well. The study, led by a senior researcher from a major university, examines how moral conviction shapes political choice. It finds that people with moralized views decide more quickly and rely more on emotional brain processes. This pattern is strongest among individuals with limited metacognitive sensitivity—the ability to judge one’s own judgments accurately.

A recent study has unveiled that individuals with lower self-awareness, particularly those unable to accurately gauge the correctness of their decisions, exhibit stronger brain reactions to morally charged political issues. Published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, the research indicates that moral judgments activate brain regions involved in emotional and cognitive control, drawing attention to the neurological underpinnings of why certain political beliefs are perceived as non-negotiable.

In a world where political polarization seems to intensify by the day, these findings are particularly significant. The study, led by Jean Decety of the University of Chicago, explores the role of moral conviction in political decision-making. It reveals that when people hold moralized beliefs about political issues, they not only decide more swiftly but rely heavily on emotional brain responses. This phenomenon is more pronounced in individuals who struggle with metacognitive sensitivity—the ability to discern right from wrong judgments.