#Neuroscience

A groundbreaking new study reveals that the psychedelic compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine—better known as DMT—profoundly changes the brain’s activity by reducing the “control energy” needed to shift between mental states, opening a fresh window into the biological mechanisms of altered consciousness. The findings, recently published in Communications Biology, not only enhance scientific understanding of psychedelics but could hold long-term implications for mental health research in Thailand and around the world (psypost.org).

As interest in psychedelic-assisted therapies grows globally and regionally, including in Thailand’s academic and healthcare circles, this innovative research stands out for mapping the moment-to-moment changes in brain network flexibility experienced under DMT—a compound central to indigenous Amazonian practices and increasingly, to scientific study. In contrast to many other psychedelics, DMT’s extremely short duration—inducing intense hallucinations and altered states for roughly 20 minutes—provides researchers the unique opportunity to capture the entire experience in real time using advanced brain imaging tools.

A groundbreaking theory in neuroscience is changing our understanding of what happens in our brains when we listen to music, potentially opening new pathways for therapies, education, and technology in Thailand and worldwide. This emerging insight, known as Neural Resonance Theory (NRT), demonstrates that our brain’s natural oscillations—the very rhythms of our neurological function—sync up with the beats, pitches, and grooves of the music we hear, helping to explain music’s universal appeal and therapeutic power (ScienceAlert).

A groundbreaking body of neuroscience research has found that just three days of intentional silence can trigger dramatic changes in brain chemistry, reshaping how our minds function and rejuvenate. Contrary to the common idea of silence as merely the absence of noise, the latest studies demonstrate that quiet can act as an active, powerful force transforming memory, emotional regulation, and cognitive performance—offering significant implications for Thai readers navigating the noisy modern world.

A new study published in Nature Communications has revealed what happens inside the human brain in the split second when a solution dawns like a burst of light—commonly called an “aha!” moment. Using advanced brain imaging, international researchers have traced how sudden flashes of insight not only spark satisfaction but physically change how the brain stores memories, potentially revolutionizing how we approach learning and creativity both in Thailand and abroad (MedicalXpress).

Neuroscience is uncovering surprising powers of music, with new research showing that music can actively reshape memory and infuse it with new emotions—potentially opening novel doors in therapeutic, educational, and cultural settings. A recent neuroimaging study published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience reveals that listening to music while recalling memories does more than simply bring back old feelings—it can actually rewrite neutral memories with the emotional color of the background music.

Curiosity, often dismissed as a mere childhood impulse, is gaining renewed scientific recognition as a core engine of learning and adaptability, according to emerging neuroscience research highlighted in a recent Big Think analysis published on May 12, 2025. The article, “How curiosity rewires your brain for change,” draws on contemporary studies to reveal how curiosity not only drives exploration but may also rewire our brains to buffer against stress and navigate change more effectively—a message with profound implications for Thai students, workers, and lifelong learners facing rapid social and technological transformation.

A century-old anatomical puzzle may finally provide relief for millions battling diabetic nerve pain, according to groundbreaking new research that has reignited scientific interest in the Nageotte nodule—a little-known cellular structure first described over a hundred years ago. The latest study, led by scientists at the University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), reveals that these tiny cell clusters are not only abundant in people with diabetes, but likely play a crucial role in the development of debilitating peripheral neuropathy, a leading cause of chronic pain, diminished mobility, and even amputation worldwide.

A groundbreaking new study reveals that the natural ebb and flow of hormones during the reproductive cycle can dramatically reshape the brain and sharpen learning abilities, promising to transform our understanding of cognition—and even hinting at new paths in personalized medicine. Published this week in the journal Neuron and led by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, the research shows that cyclical changes in estrogen not only alter the physical structure of neurons in the memory-related hippocampus but also enhance the brain’s ability to form and maintain mental maps of our surroundings (Neuroscience News).

A flurry of new scientific findings has revealed that the stress of working long hours doesn’t just leave people feeling exhausted—it may actually alter the structure of the human brain. According to a major study led by researchers from South Korea and published in May 2025, individuals clocking more than 52 hours a week exhibited significant physical changes in brain regions tied to memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation, sparking fresh concerns about the risks of overwork worldwide—including in Thailand’s increasingly demanding labor market (The Times; CNN; Newsweek).

A groundbreaking new study has uncovered remarkable sex-based differences in the structure of a single neuron in the tiny nematode—Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)—offering fresh insight into the underpinnings of sex-specific neural and behavioral differences, with far-reaching implications for understanding the human brain. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and conducted by a collaborative team at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the research reveals that a single neuron, previously believed to function identically in both sexes, displays structural and functional differences linked to sex-specific behaviors in this simple organism (MedicalXpress).

The expanding digital surveillance in everyday life – from social media monitoring to location tracking and ever-present security cameras – may have underappreciated and troubling effects on human brain function, according to a growing body of research highlighted by Live Science. As governments, corporations, and even schools employ increasingly sophisticated surveillance tools, emerging studies suggest such constant observation can disrupt cognitive performance, emotional wellbeing, and may alter fundamental patterns in how people think and behave.

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have uncovered a crucial mechanism in the brain, revealing how dopamine—commonly known as the “feel-good” neurotransmitter—not only signals danger, but actively helps the brain unlearn fear. The findings, reported this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could revolutionize potential treatments for anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), providing hope for millions worldwide—including those struggling in Thailand with trauma-related conditions (SciTechDaily).

In a major breakthrough that reshapes our scientific understanding of animal intelligence, a series of studies published in Science in early 2025 confirm that advanced intelligence on Earth evolved independently at least twice—once in mammals and once in birds. This finding, as reported by Quanta Magazine and summarized in Wired (wired.com), challenges longstanding assumptions about the origins of cognition in vertebrates and could hold profound implications for neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and the global search for intelligent life.

A groundbreaking study published in the Journal of Physiology has revealed a remarkable connection between the liver and the brain, suggesting that ketones produced by the liver—especially during exercise—play a key role in keeping the brain healthy and maintaining memory function. The latest research, conducted by a team from the University of Missouri, shows that when the liver’s ability to produce ketones is blocked, rats experience memory deficits and diminished brain mitochondrial function, but that regular endurance training can effectively reverse these cognitive problems, even when ketone production is hampered (psypost.org).

In the digital age, where social media’s influence is ever-expanding, many assume that people have become more susceptible to groupthink. However, a recent meta-analysis suggests otherwise, finding that social conformity has remained surprisingly consistent over nearly two decades, despite the explosion of digital networking. These findings, alongside cutting-edge brain imaging studies, are helping scientists unravel how and why individuals choose to align with—or deviate from—their peers, with major implications for Thai society navigating rapid social and technological change (Counterpunch, 2025).

Google Research is once again at the forefront of technological innovation, harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate scientific discovery and deliver tangible benefits across disciplines—from medicine and neuroscience to climate science and quantum computing. The latest announcement from the technology giant underscores how AI has moved beyond incremental improvements to drive transformative breakthroughs addressing some of humanity’s greatest challenges (blog.google).

For Thai readers, this surge in AI-powered research is significant both for its immediate implications—such as advancements in medical diagnostics and climate response—and for the longer-term opportunities it could bring to the kingdom. With Thailand aiming to position itself as a regional leader in digital innovation and healthcare, understanding how global scientific advancements are being shaped by AI is relevant for policymakers, healthcare professionals, educators, and citizens alike.

A groundbreaking study published in Nature reveals that psychedelics such as psilocybin may do far more than alter perception or mood—they fundamentally rewire the communication between the brain and the immune system, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of psychiatric and inflammatory conditions worldwide. This research, led by a Harvard Medical School assistant professor and conducted at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, suggests a paradigm shift for mental health therapies, moving beyond neurotransmitter-focused interventions to include neuroimmune pathways as central targets for future drugs and treatments (Neuroscience News; Nature).

A wave of recent research is challenging long-held beliefs about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), questioning whether the condition is truly a lifelong, biologically fixed disorder and whether the medical model that has dominated diagnosis and treatment actually serves those affected. With global ADHD diagnosis rates soaring and stimulant prescriptions at record levels—mirrored by rising numbers in Thailand—the debate over what ADHD is and how best to help children and adults affected is more urgent than ever. These new perspectives could have a profound impact not only on clinical practice in the West but on the evolving approach to ADHD in Thailand, where both awareness and skepticism about the condition are growing rapidly.

A paradigm-shifting international study, just published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, is transforming our scientific understanding of how the human brain engages with music. Led by a University of Connecticut research group, the project proposes a “neural resonance theory” (NRT) that describes how our brains physically sync with musical rhythms and melodies, providing groundbreaking insight into why music moves us—literally and emotionally.

This research is significant for the Thai public, as it not only broadens the global dialogue on music’s universal power but also points to direct health, cultural, and educational applications. From community wai kru ceremonies and mor lam performances to everyday karaoke, music permeates Thai social life. Understanding its deep neurological basis may help in designing interventions for well-being, cognitive enhancement, and even healthcare.

A wave of groundbreaking research is transforming our understanding of sex differences in the human brain, shaking loose centuries-old stereotypes about male and female cognition. According to leading neuroscientists, while certain biological differences exist, the reality is that male and female brains are far more alike than once believed—a message with deep significance for education, health, and gender equality in Thailand and beyond (VICE).

For generations, popular culture and even some scientific claims have painted male brains as inherently more logical or spatially gifted, while female brains are seen as more emotional or nurturing. These ideas continue to echo through Thai classrooms, workplaces, and family discussions, influencing everything from career choices to mental health stigma. But modern neuroscience is dismantling such binary thinking. As Dr. Armin Raznahan of the US National Institute of Mental Health explains, “I’m not aware of any measure you can make of the human brain where the male and female distributions don’t overlap.” In fact, according to Raznahan, if you were shown two brains—one from a male, one from a female—it would be nearly impossible to tell them apart based solely on structure.

A groundbreaking new study published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience has revealed that our experience of music goes far beyond mere listening — the human brain and body physically resonate with musical rhythms in a way that shapes everything from emotional states to bodily movement. The discovery is poised to transform fields as diverse as neurological therapy, music education, and even artificial intelligence, with implications that reach right into daily life and the vibrant cultural landscape of Thailand.

Recent research published in Quanta Magazine reveals a growing consensus among computational neuroscientists and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers: AI, despite its name and inspiration, is fundamentally unlike the human brain—but that’s not a flaw, it’s an opportunity for new frontiers in both technology and neuroscience. This divergence, explored in the article “AI Is Nothing Like a Brain, and That’s OK” (Quanta Magazine, 2025), is now informing efforts to both make AI more efficient and gain deeper understanding of our own minds.

In a significant leap forward for neuroscience, researchers have unveiled a revolutionary imaging technique that allows high-resolution, minimally invasive observation of the brainstem’s critical hub for processing bodily signals—a discovery with the potential to transform treatment for depression and other mental health disorders. The new approach, called D-PSCAN, opens an unprecedented window onto the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a deep-brain structure that integrates signals from the body and helps regulate emotions and overall mental health (Neuroscience News).

A wave of new neuroscience research is challenging centuries-old stereotypes about the fundamental differences between male and female brains, revealing a far more nuanced and overlapping landscape than previously assumed. This comes as modern brain imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) analyses provide the most detailed look yet at the structure and function of human brains—questioning deeply rooted ideas about gender and intellect. The findings carry real implications for how Thai society understands intelligence, gender, and health, as well as for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions.