#Nutrition

Vitamin D deficiency affects more than bone health. In Thailand’s growing urban centers, long indoor hours and limited sun exposure may influence immunity, mood, and chronic disease risk. For Thai readers, this matters as city life shifts toward less outdoor time and more indoor activity.

Vitamin D supports bone strength, inflammation control, and immune function. New evidence suggests it may also impact mood, heart health, and disease risk. Data from the U.S. National Institutes of Health show about one in three Americans has insufficient vitamin D, while global estimates indicate a substantial portion of the population may be deficient. In Thailand, a 2019 study from Mahidol University found nearly 45% of urban Thai adults have below-optimal levels, highlighting the sun-exposure gap in city life.

A growing body of research is raising questions about erythritol, a popular sugar substitute found in many “no sugar added” and sugar-free products. New laboratory findings suggest potential effects on brain cells and vascular function, prompting calls for more comprehensive human studies. The study’s authors emphasize that results come from lab models and may not reflect real-world outcomes, but they align with earlier observations linking higher erythritol levels to increased cardiovascular risk in some population studies.

A newly published article from the MIT Press Reader critically examines the long-held belief that humans must eat meat for optimal health, presenting recent research which dismantles the popular evolutionary argument justifying meat consumption. This in-depth analysis challenges the notion that our ancestors’ supposed dependence on meat has meaningful implications for modern dietary choices, with notable ramifications for public health discussions in Thailand and beyond (MIT Press Reader).

The evolutionary argument for meat eating, often used to advocate for high-protein diets like the “paleo” regimen, claims that humans evolved as obligatory meat eaters and thus must continue this pattern today. This narrative has gained traction in both Western and Thai health circles, influencing restaurant menus, consumer trends, and even government nutrition guidance. But the latest research reveals key flaws in this logic. Modern health records, large-scale dietary studies, and nutritional analyses of plant foods collectively call into question the necessity and safety of high meat intake in the 21st century.

A recent analysis challenges the idea that meat is necessary for optimal health and questions the notion that ancestors depended on meat in a way that dictates modern eating. The piece reframes nutrition and highlights implications for public health in Thailand and beyond.

The traditional narrative that “we evolved to eat meat” has shaped high-protein, paleo-style diets and influenced menus, consumer choices, and even government guidance in Thailand. New research argues that these evolutionary claims rest on speculative reconstructions of prehistoric diets rather than solid evidence. Today’s health data and large population studies show that heavy meat intake is not required to meet nutritional needs.

A widely used sugar substitute, erythritol, commonly recommended for people with obesity or diabetes and found in an array of “sugar-free” products, is at the center of fresh health warnings after recent research linked it to damaging effects on brain cells and an increased risk of stroke SciTechDaily.

This finding, from a new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, raises important questions for Thai consumers who increasingly turn to artificial sweeteners in their efforts to manage weight, diabetes, and blood sugar—problems that are highly prevalent in Thailand and have changed consumption habits nationwide. As health-conscious lifestyles prompt a shift toward “no sugar” or “sugar-free” foods, the safety of these sugar alternatives is becoming a matter of significant public interest.

A recent article in The Economist has reignited debate over the effectiveness of probiotics, the so-called “good bacteria” marketed for everything from gut health to immune support. Behind attractive packaging and billion-baht marketing campaigns, probiotics promise to balance the thousands of microbial species living inside our intestines and promote overall wellness (The Economist). But does the latest research support these claims, and what does the science mean for Thai consumers who increasingly embrace probiotic supplements and drinks?

A new clinical study suggests the popular 5:2 intermittent fasting approach—eat normally five days a week and limit calories on two non-consecutive days—may be the most adaptable and effective option for weight loss and blood glucose improvement in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Presented at the Endocrine Society’s ENDO 2025 conference in San Francisco, the research compared three dietary strategies and found that while all provide benefits, the intermittent approach offers unique advantages for those managing diabetes and weight.

A surge in high-protein diets, popular among fitness enthusiasts and health-conscious Thais, may be unwittingly putting kidneys at risk, according to new research highlighted in a recent article by the Times of India. As protein’s reputation grows as a dietary superstar—promoting muscle gain and aiding weight management—experts warn that simple mistakes in how and what kind of protein is consumed may quietly fuel the rising tide of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among those already at risk.

A new clinical study suggests that the popular “5:2” intermittent fasting diet—where individuals eat normally for five days and consume very low calories on two non-consecutive days each week—could be the most flexible and effective approach for weight loss and blood glucose improvement in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research, recently presented at the Endocrine Society’s ENDO 2025 conference in San Francisco, compared three well-known dietary strategies and found that all offer benefits, but the intermittent approach may provide unique advantages for those struggling to manage diabetes and weight.

A new dietary recommendation from nutrition experts is challenging the well-established “five-a-day” fruit and vegetable rule, advocating instead for a remarkably diverse plant-centric approach. Recent research and expert opinion report that regularly consuming 30 different plants per week—far surpassing the classic advice of five daily servings—may substantially improve gut health and overall wellbeing. This shift, supported by findings from major studies such as the American Gut Project, is sparking conversation in Thailand and across the globe regarding how dietary diversity can transform modern eating habits and public health.

Probiotics are popular for gut health and immunity, but how strong is the science behind them? In Thailand, interest is rising as social media buzz, fermented foods, and an expanding probiotic market intersect with everyday diets. A 2025 Asia-Pacific trend report notes growing use of probiotic products in Thai households, from yogurt drinks to plant-based beverages and fortified cereals.

Experts warn that benefits are not universal. The impact of probiotics depends on the specific strain, dose, and a person’s health status. A comprehensive 2025 review shows that some probiotics may assist certain cancer treatments, immune function, and gastrointestinal health in specific contexts, but results vary. Claims about broad benefits, such as preventing eczema or common colds, are not consistently supported.

A new wave of scholarship challenges the idea that the United States once enjoyed a pristine age of health. The debate feeds public discourse and political messaging, including campaigns like “Make America Healthy Again.” Yet a careful review of history shows a more nuanced story where health advances came through persistent effort, not nostalgia.

The lure of a healthier past grows as concerns about chronic disease, ultra-processed foods, and health equity persist. Some argue that earlier dietary habits—before modern food processing—were inherently better. However, historians and nutrition researchers remind us that every era faced its own nutrition challenges. In the early 20th century, medical guidance varied widely. Some doctors endorsed three substantial meat-based meals daily, while early vegetarians and fitness advocates promoted lighter or plant-forward diets. Malnutrition, infectious diseases, and limited access to healthcare remained constant threats.

A growing interest in high-protein diets among fitness enthusiasts in Thailand may unintentionally burden the kidneys. New, accessible guidance suggests that both the amount and source of protein influence chronic kidney disease risk, especially for those with existing risk factors.

Kidney health matters because these organs filter waste from protein metabolism. In Thailand, CKD remains a public health concern with regional differences, and many people are unaware of their kidney status. Hypertension and diabetes—common in the country—compound long-term risk. Routine screening and early detection are crucial, since kidney damage can develop with few or no symptoms.

A new wave of nutrition experts is challenging the classic “five-a-day” guideline. They argue a broader plant-based repertoire, targeting 30 different plant types weekly, can support gut health and overall wellbeing. This shift aligns global research with Thai eating patterns, inviting readers to embrace biodiversity at every meal.

Global diet-related diseases are rising, including in Thailand. Ultra-processed foods, high sugar intake, and a move away from traditional plant-rich meals contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome. In response, health professionals emphasize not just more vegetables, but a diverse range of plant foods as a cornerstone of a balanced diet. This approach fits both international findings and local culinary habits.

A new wave of scholarship is challenging the common belief that America had a golden age of health—a notion recently revived by public figures such as the US Secretary of Health and Human Services, who has made headlines with the “Make America Healthy Again” campaign. This movement assumes that Americans were once notably healthier, but an in-depth look at historical records and leading expert analysis reveals a more complex—and less nostalgic—story (Bloomberg; New York Times).

A landmark study from leading U.S. researchers reveals a stark surge in ‘extremely severe’ obesity among American children over the past decade and a half, igniting alarm among health experts worldwide. Drawing on nationally representative health data, the study, published in JAMA Network Open, found the proportion of kids with the most extreme forms of obesity more than tripled between 2008 and 2023—a trend that poses urgent questions for public health both in the United States and in countries like Thailand where childhood obesity is a rising concern (Gizmodo).

The age-old debate over whether poor diet or insufficient exercise is the main culprit behind rising obesity rates has taken a new turn, with a major international study concluding that the overconsumption of calories — especially from ultra-processed foods — is far more responsible for obesity than a lack of physical activity. The research, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, analyzed an unprecedentedly diverse cohort and challenges assumptions long held in both public health messaging and everyday Thai life.

A groundbreaking new clinical trial has pinpointed a twice-weekly intermittent fasting regimen, commonly called the “5:2 diet,” as the most effective and sustainable strategy among three popular diets for improving blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The findings, presented at the ENDO 2025 conference in San Francisco, not only illuminate a promising approach for diabetes management but also have significant implications for Thailand, where diabetes rates are rising and dietary trends are keenly watched by both the medical community and the public.

A global study reframes the obesity debate by showing that calorie intake, especially from ultra-processed foods, explains more of the rise in obesity than physical activity alone. For Thai readers, the findings emphasize dietary choices as a key lever for health alongside exercise.

Thailand has long championed the “move more” message and the Ministry of Public Health’s 30 Minutes for Good Health campaign. Yet rising obesity signals concerns about diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. The World Health Organization in Southeast Asia has highlighted growing obesity in the region, urging a rethink of dietary guidance. The new study supports focusing on what people eat—particularly ultra-processed foods such as instant noodles, packaged snacks, and Sugary drinks common in Thai households and shops—as a major determinant of obesity, potentially more decisive than activity levels alone.

A new study by leading U.S. researchers shows a sharp rise in ultra-high obesity among children over the past decade and a half. Using nationally representative health data, the study in JAMA Network Open found that the share of children in the most extreme obesity categories more than tripled from 2008 to 2023. With about 73 million Americans under 18, this translates to roughly 825,000 children now in the ultra-high BMI range. Ultra-high obesity is defined as BMI levels well above the 95th percentile, reaching Class 4 or Class 5 levels. The trend raises critical questions for Thailand, where childhood overweight and obesity are also rising.

A new clinical trial identifies the 5:2 intermittent fasting plan as the most effective and sustainable option among three popular diets for improving blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Presented at ENDO 2025 in San Francisco, the findings carry meaningful implications for Thailand, where diabetes is rising and dietary trends are closely watched by clinicians and the public.

Thailand faces a growing diabetes burden, with more than seven million people living with the condition as of 2023, many of them overweight or obese. The Thai Ministry of Public Health has long emphasized dietary modification as central to diabetes care, yet selecting an accessible and effective plan remains challenging. A Thai-focused summary of the study highlights the potential value of structured intermittent fasting within a comprehensive management approach.

A surge of fresh scientific evidence has upended conventional beliefs about protein intake, revealing how millions—even in Thailand—may be making critical mistakes about this essential nutrient. While protein is known as a crucial component of the Thai diet, a slew of misunderstandings, often propagated by marketing and habit, is leading to widespread shortfalls and poor choices affecting health, muscle strength, and aging across all age groups.

The latest research, gathered through interviews with dietitians and analysis of international nutrition studies, dives into six major mistakes people make regarding their daily protein, reshaping long-assumed dietary best practices. For Thai readers navigating an increasingly Western-influenced food environment, these findings signal an urgent need for re-examination, as protein requirements are not as simple—or as well met—as many believe.

A ubiquitous sugar substitute found in Thai supermarkets, bakeries, bubble tea shops, and increasingly in “health” products, erythritol, has emerged as a fresh concern for heart health. Recent scientific studies—including a major investigation led by the University of Colorado Boulder—reveal that consuming even a typical serving of erythritol may rapidly trigger changes in blood vessels and platelets that set the stage for heart attack and stroke. With sugar-free and “keto” diets growing in popularity across Thailand, these findings carry weighty implications for millions of Thai consumers who have long considered erythritol as a harmless alternative to sugar.

A major international study shifts the focus from exercise to diet as the main driver of obesity in wealthy nations. The research shows that diets rich in ultra-processed foods are the principal factor behind the modern obesity epidemic. Data across diverse populations indicate similar daily energy expenditure, suggesting that simply increasing activity may not dramatically reduce obesity without dietary changes. For Thai readers, the finding emphasizes the power of what we eat over how much we sweat.