#Pediatrics

In a groundbreaking finding that could reshape the way autism is diagnosed in young children, an international research team has discovered that, in toddlerhood, autism presents nearly identically among girls and boys. This revelation, published recently in Nature Human Behaviour and reported by Science News, challenges longstanding beliefs and provides hope for more accurate and inclusive early interventions.

The significance of this discovery lies in its potential to reduce gender-based disparities in autism diagnosis and treatment. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has historically been seen as affecting boys far more frequently—roughly four times as often as girls, according to global statistics (Science News). However, previous studies left uncertainty about whether the symptoms truly differ according to sex, or whether diagnostic criteria—often based on observations in boys—have contributed to underdiagnosis among girls.

In a sweeping new directive, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced plans to remove ingestible fluoride supplements for children from the market, raising concerns and debate among dental health professionals, policymakers, and parents worldwide. The move is driven by new scrutiny over the potential impact of systemic fluoride on children’s gut health and overall development, but it contradicts decades of dental best practices and global recommendations for caries prevention. As Thailand continues to battle high rates of childhood dental decay, this decision has important implications for local public health strategies.

Millions of children in the United States are diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the vast majority are prescribed stimulant medications such as Ritalin and Adderall. However, a new wave of research reported by NPR and detailed in The New York Times Magazine raises pressing questions about the effectiveness and long-term consequences of these treatments, as well as the very nature of ADHD itself (NPR, 2025).

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed last year that more than 11% of American children had received an ADHD diagnosis—a record high, and a dramatic increase from the early 1990s figure of just 2 million. In 14-year-old boys, the rate soars to 21%. These statistics portray a nation deeply invested in identifying—and medicating—children with ADHD. But why are diagnoses rising, and are treatments truly serving those diagnosed?

A recent case in the United States is raising alarm among health experts worldwide—including here in Thailand—after a controversial physician contracted measles yet continued to practice medicine, treating children who were never vaccinated against the highly infectious disease. The case, originally reported by Ars Technica, underscored the troubling intersection of vaccine hesitancy and public health, as well as the ongoing risks posed by declining immunization rates among children.

The incident involved an American doctor known for her opposition to vaccine mandates, who was diagnosed with measles after caring for unvaccinated pediatric patients during a local outbreak. Despite clear recommendations from health authorities that infected individuals remain isolated to avoid further transmission, the doctor allegedly kept treating her young patients—many of whom were especially vulnerable to the virus due to their unvaccinated status (source).