#ScienceNews

A new discovery is sending ripples through the medical world: scientists have identified a gene called PHGDH not just as a bystander but as a direct cause of Alzheimer’s disease, potentially changing the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating condition. Uncovering a previously unknown function of this gene, researchers have also pinpointed a candidate drug-like compound that may one day prevent or slow the disease in its earliest stages – a major leap forward, especially for aging societies like Thailand.

A groundbreaking study published in Nature by investigators at the Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, has linked taurine—an amino acid found in energy drinks and natural food sources—with an increased risk of blood cancers, particularly leukemia. The research, already sparking international dialogue, comes at a time when energy drink consumption is soaring in Thailand, especially among youth and office workers who rely on such products for an energy boost.

A groundbreaking new study has uncovered remarkable sex-based differences in the structure of a single neuron in the tiny nematode—Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)—offering fresh insight into the underpinnings of sex-specific neural and behavioral differences, with far-reaching implications for understanding the human brain. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and conducted by a collaborative team at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the research reveals that a single neuron, previously believed to function identically in both sexes, displays structural and functional differences linked to sex-specific behaviors in this simple organism (MedicalXpress).

A groundbreaking new study suggests that restricting carbohydrates just two days a week may provide the same metabolic health benefits as the more challenging intermittent fasting diets, offering hope for simpler approaches to improving heart and metabolic health. These findings could open new doors for Thai readers eager to enhance their health but daunted by the demanding routines of traditional fasting regimens.

Intermittent fasting — especially the popular “5:2” version, where people drastically reduce calorie intake on two days each week — has won devotees around the world, including in Thailand, for its reputation as a weight loss tool with additional metabolic perks. However, many Thais and others have struggled to stick with fasting due to hunger pangs, meal disruption, or concerns about nutritional adequacy. The latest research, led by an Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey and published on May 11, 2025, in The Conversation, offers a gentler alternative: twice-a-week carbohydrate (not calorie) restriction may deliver similar health benefits without forcing people to go extremely hungry or disrupt their regular eating habits, according to their study outlined on ScienceAlert.

In a major breakthrough that reshapes our scientific understanding of animal intelligence, a series of studies published in Science in early 2025 confirm that advanced intelligence on Earth evolved independently at least twice—once in mammals and once in birds. This finding, as reported by Quanta Magazine and summarized in Wired (wired.com), challenges longstanding assumptions about the origins of cognition in vertebrates and could hold profound implications for neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and the global search for intelligent life.

A groundbreaking study has revealed that mammals with larger brains and more robust immune systems tend to live significantly longer lives. The international research team, spearheaded by the University of Bath and published in Scientific Reports, mapped the genomes of 46 mammalian species and discovered that both brain size and an expanded set of immune-related genes are strongly linked to each species’ maximum recorded lifespan. This scientific breakthrough does not just add a new chapter to our understanding of animal longevity; it also prompts intriguing implications for human health and aging—topics that resonate deeply with Thai society where active aging and preventive healthcare are becoming pillars of national policy.

A new era in the scientific quest to pinpoint where consciousness arises in the brain has arrived with the publication of an unprecedented collaborative study, revealing tantalizing clues—but offering no final answers. International neuroscientists, working with the backing of major institutions, have tested the top two competing theories about consciousness using sophisticated brain imaging across hundreds of participants, uncovering emerging insights with far-reaching implications for clinical medicine and philosophical understanding.

A new wave of research out of Florida State University suggests that regular aerobic exercise could offer a protective buffer against some of the long-term health risks caused by heavy drinking habits in young adulthood—a finding that may resonate with university students and recent graduates across Thailand and globally. Presented at the American Physiological Society’s 2025 annual conference in Baltimore, this pioneering work shines a nuanced light on the role that physical activity may play in mitigating some of the damage from youthful nights of excess, especially during the formative years often marked by college parties and celebrations.

A wave of new research is questioning long-held beliefs about the importance of cooling down after exercise, suggesting that its physiological necessity may be overstated for most people. While personal trainers and fitness routines in Thailand and around the world have long emphasized the cool-down as a key component of any workout, recent evidence shows its benefits might be more limited than commonly assumed, prompting a shift in how fitness enthusiasts and everyday Thais might approach their exercise routines (New York Times, 2025).

In a historic breakthrough, scientists have finally confirmed a 67-year-old hypothesis about vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, radically advancing our understanding of how this crucial vitamin works in the human body. This finding not only settles a decades-old scientific debate but also unlocks new possibilities for eco-friendly chemical production, with potential impact reaching far beyond the laboratory.

The story of this discovery begins in 1958, when a chemist from Columbia University theorized that vitamin B1 might perform its vital metabolic functions through the formation of an elusive molecular structure called a carbene. Carbenes are notoriously unstable and tend to decompose instantly in aqueous (water-based) environments like the human body, making the hypothesis seem improbable for more than half a century. For years, the idea was dismissed as “crazy,” as quoted by Vincent Lavallo, a chemist at the University of California, Riverside, who led the recent research that validated this bold proposal.

Exercise’s mood-boosting powers have entered the spotlight once again as new research reaffirms what fitness enthusiasts and health professionals have long suspected: regular physical activity can significantly lift spirits by sparking the brain’s “feel-good” chemicals. The link between exercise, endorphin release, and improved happiness levels is capturing renewed interest among scientists worldwide, offering actionable insights for communities in Thailand striving to combat rising rates of stress, depression, and chronic illness.

A major international research project led by the University of Ottawa is upending decades-old assumptions about how serotonin neurons function in the brain, with profound potential implications for treating mood disorders such as depression and understanding how our brains make binary decisions. Published in Nature Neuroscience on April 25, 2025, the study reveals that serotonin neurons—long thought to act as isolated units—actually form interconnected networks that collaborate and compete, orchestrating the brain’s serotonin output in ways far more complex than previously believed. The findings mark a major shift in neuroscience’s understanding of one of the brain’s most important neurotransmitter systems and open new avenues for targeted mental health therapies (Neuroscience News).

A groundbreaking new study published by an international research team led by the University of Ottawa is challenging decades-old beliefs about how serotonin works in the brain, uncovering a sophisticated web of interactions among serotonin neurons that could help redefine the treatment of mood disorders such as depression. Researchers found that instead of acting independently, clusters of serotonin neurons in the brainstem actively compete and collaborate, shaping both the timing and manner of serotonin release across different brain regions—a finding that overturns prior conceptions of a uniform serotonin signal and points to a more nuanced understanding of brain function and behavior (Neuroscience News).

A breakthrough preclinical study has revealed that clearing “zombie cells” from spinal discs may dramatically reduce chronic low back pain, a condition that affects millions of people globally and remains common among Thais. Researchers from McGill University found that two drugs—o-Vanillin and RG-7112—can target and remove these senescent cells, leading not only to reduced pain and inflammation but even signs of tissue repair in damaged spinal discs. The findings, published in Science Advances, point to a transformative new treatment that addresses the root cause of back pain rather than just masking symptoms with painkillers or surgery source.

A groundbreaking new study from University of Missouri-Columbia reveals that exercise can safeguard memory and cognitive performance—even when the brain is deprived of one of its essential fuel sources, ketones. This insight not only reinforces the crucial role of physical activity in brain health, especially amid rising rates of Alzheimer’s and dementia, but also provides hope for individuals with liver conditions that compromise energy production for cognitive functions. As Thailand faces its own growing elderly population and associated dementia risks, these findings are especially timely and relevant.

A groundbreaking new study has revealed that what you see isn’t just a reflection of the world—your brain actively decides “what it wants you to see”, and that decision can change depending on your immediate goals. This discovery, recently published in Nature Communications and spotlighted by Earth.com, challenges a long-held belief about vision, highlighting the brain’s astonishing ability to reshape perception in real time to suit our intentions and tasks (cited from Earth.com: https://www.earth.com/news/rethinking-vision-the-brain-sees-what-it-wants-to-see/).

Vitamin D, long considered a front-line defender for the immune system, may not be the magic shield against the common cold that many Thais and people worldwide have hoped for. Fresh findings published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology and widely reported by international health outlets reveal that vitamin D supplementation offers no statistically significant protection against acute respiratory infections—including everyday colds, bronchitis, and pneumonia—for the general population, overturning years of popular belief and previous modestly optimistic studies. As vitamin D remains one of the most commonly consumed dietary supplements in Thailand and globally, this comprehensive research holds special significance for millions of Thai families seeking ways to stay healthy, especially during the rainy season when respiratory illnesses tend to surge.

A recent surge of research is affirming what many Thai families have intuitively known for generations—warm and affectionate mothering can have a profound, long-lasting impact on a child’s emotional development and future success. According to a summarized report from Good News Network, new scientific studies underscore that children who experience high levels of affectionate caregiving from their mothers are more likely to thrive emotionally and socially well into adulthood (Good News Network).

A seemingly obscure dietary supplement, GliSODin, is gaining attention in the medical community for its reported ability to slow aging, protect the heart, and even help prevent cancer, according to a recent feature in the New York Post NY Post, 2025. While Thailand’s health-conscious public is no stranger to vitamin shops lining Siam Square or the latest superfood news ricocheting across LINE groups, GliSODin may be a new name poised to join the ranks of must-have supplements. Here’s why this novel product—derived from cantaloupe melon and wheat gliadin—has experts abuzz, and what it could mean for Thais watching their health as they age.

A century-old mystery in female anatomy is being rewritten by new scientific findings: the rete ovarii, long dismissed as a vestigial and “useless” organ, may play a critical role in ovarian function and fertility. This revelation comes from a pioneering mouse study published in March 2025 in the journal eLife, which suggests that this overlooked structure is not only active but potentially essential for reproductive health (Live Science).

The discovery is especially significant for Thai readers, where women’s health issues, particularly regarding fertility and reproductive well-being, remain top concerns for many families and the medical community. For generations, biology textbooks and medical curricula worldwide—including those in Thailand—have listed the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes as the primary organs of the female reproductive tract. The new research now puts the rete ovarii (RO) on the map, suggesting it should be investigated as an additional component crucial to female reproductive function.

Scientists have issued an urgent warning: climate change is turning rice—the staple food of more than half of Thailand’s population and billions more worldwide—into a potential health hazard. According to a major study published in The Lancet Planetary Health, increases in both global temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are triggering dangerous rises in arsenic concentrations within rice grains. This finding carries alarming implications for Thailand and other rice-dependent societies, where daily consumption is central to both culture and sustenance (Ars Technica; The Lancet).

In a world where the search for effective, accessible healing methods never wanes, recent research shines a spotlight on an ancient yet modern remedy: music. A groundbreaking study published in The Journal for Nurse Practitioners demonstrates how music therapy—both active and passive—can significantly improve the lives of people facing Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, chronic pain, Parkinson’s, and even seizure disorders. As reported by Neuroscience News, the findings point to music’s profound neurological impact, offering an inexpensive, non-pharmaceutical avenue for support that resonates across cultures and generations (Neuroscience News).

Recent scientific findings are raising fresh concerns about the health risks posed by microplastics, as new research suggests these tiny pollutants may accelerate aging at the cellular level. According to a report covered by Earth.com, exposure to microplastics might not only be an environmental hazard, but could also trigger premature cellular aging—potentially affecting long-term health outcomes for people around the globe, including here in Thailand (Earth.com).

The presence of microplastics—particles less than five millimeters in size—has been detected everywhere from our oceans to the air we breathe, and now even in human blood and organs. Thailand, with its rich coastline and vibrant seafood culture, is particularly vulnerable to microplastic pollution, given the prevalence of plastic waste in waterways and the Bangkok metropolitan area’s struggle with plastic management. Research consistently links the consumption of microplastics, common in drinking water and foods like shellfish and salt, to potential health risks, but only recently have scientists pinpointed the impact at a cellular level.

A major scientific breakthrough has revealed the potential for food allergies—an increasingly common and sometimes life-threatening health issue in Thailand and around the world—to be reversed, thanks to the discovery of a key group of immune cells in the gut. The findings, published on April 16, 2025 in the prestigious journal Nature, have the potential to transform how we prevent, treat, and perhaps even cure food allergies, which have long plagued Thai families and stressed our healthcare system [source].