#Sciencenews

A landmark international study narrows the field in the search for where consciousness arises in the brain, yet it stops short of declaring a final answer. Hundreds of participants across multiple laboratories tested the two leading theories—Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)—using advanced brain imaging. The results offer important directions for medicine and philosophy, including potential improvements in how Thai doctors assess patients with disorders of consciousness.

A new era in the scientific quest to pinpoint where consciousness arises in the brain has arrived with the publication of an unprecedented collaborative study, revealing tantalizing clues—but offering no final answers. International neuroscientists, working with the backing of major institutions, have tested the top two competing theories about consciousness using sophisticated brain imaging across hundreds of participants, uncovering emerging insights with far-reaching implications for clinical medicine and philosophical understanding.

A new study from Florida State University suggests that regular aerobic exercise may help shield young adults from some long-term health risks linked to heavy drinking. Presented at the American Physiological Society’s 2025 annual conference in Baltimore, the research highlights how physical activity might mitigate damage from youthful nights of excess during the college years.

For Thai readers, alcohol use among young adults is a growing health concern. Alcohol remains legal and widely available, especially during festivals and social gatherings. Thai universities and public health officials are increasingly scrutinizing its toll on individual and community health. The study from Florida State University offers a hopeful angle for health-minded students and graduates, while stressing that exercise is not a blanket safeguard.

A new wave of research out of Florida State University suggests that regular aerobic exercise could offer a protective buffer against some of the long-term health risks caused by heavy drinking habits in young adulthood—a finding that may resonate with university students and recent graduates across Thailand and globally. Presented at the American Physiological Society’s 2025 annual conference in Baltimore, this pioneering work shines a nuanced light on the role that physical activity may play in mitigating some of the damage from youthful nights of excess, especially during the formative years often marked by college parties and celebrations.

A historic breakthrough confirms a 67-year-old hypothesis about vitamin B1, or thiamine, revealing new details about how this essential nutrient operates in the body. The finding not only resolves a long-standing scientific debate but also opens possibilities for eco-friendly chemical production with potential benefits for health, industry, and the environment.

The discovery traces back to 1958, when a Columbia University chemist proposed that thiamine’s metabolic actions might involve a reactive structure called a carbene. Carbenes are usually unstable in water-based environments, making such a mechanism seem unlikely for biological processes. The idea faced skepticism for decades until a UC Riverside-led team demonstrated otherwise by stabilizing a carbene in water. This achievement paved the way for observing the molecule’s composition with high-resolution imaging, marking the first verified instance of a stable carbene in aqueous conditions.

A wave of new research is questioning long-held beliefs about the importance of cooling down after exercise, suggesting that its physiological necessity may be overstated for most people. While personal trainers and fitness routines in Thailand and around the world have long emphasized the cool-down as a key component of any workout, recent evidence shows its benefits might be more limited than commonly assumed, prompting a shift in how fitness enthusiasts and everyday Thais might approach their exercise routines (New York Times, 2025).

In a historic breakthrough, scientists have finally confirmed a 67-year-old hypothesis about vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, radically advancing our understanding of how this crucial vitamin works in the human body. This finding not only settles a decades-old scientific debate but also unlocks new possibilities for eco-friendly chemical production, with potential impact reaching far beyond the laboratory.

The story of this discovery begins in 1958, when a chemist from Columbia University theorized that vitamin B1 might perform its vital metabolic functions through the formation of an elusive molecular structure called a carbene. Carbenes are notoriously unstable and tend to decompose instantly in aqueous (water-based) environments like the human body, making the hypothesis seem improbable for more than half a century. For years, the idea was dismissed as “crazy,” as quoted by Vincent Lavallo, a chemist at the University of California, Riverside, who led the recent research that validated this bold proposal.

Exercise’s mood-boosting powers have entered the spotlight once again as new research reaffirms what fitness enthusiasts and health professionals have long suspected: regular physical activity can significantly lift spirits by sparking the brain’s “feel-good” chemicals. The link between exercise, endorphin release, and improved happiness levels is capturing renewed interest among scientists worldwide, offering actionable insights for communities in Thailand striving to combat rising rates of stress, depression, and chronic illness.

A major international research project led by the University of Ottawa is upending decades-old assumptions about how serotonin neurons function in the brain, with profound potential implications for treating mood disorders such as depression and understanding how our brains make binary decisions. Published in Nature Neuroscience on April 25, 2025, the study reveals that serotonin neurons—long thought to act as isolated units—actually form interconnected networks that collaborate and compete, orchestrating the brain’s serotonin output in ways far more complex than previously believed. The findings mark a major shift in neuroscience’s understanding of one of the brain’s most important neurotransmitter systems and open new avenues for targeted mental health therapies (Neuroscience News).

A major international study led by researchers at the University of Ottawa reshapes how we understand serotonin neurons in the brain. Published in Nature Neuroscience on April 25, 2025, the work shows these neurons are not isolated messengers but form interconnected networks that cooperate and compete. This dynamic orchestration influences regional serotonin release and could inform targeted treatments for mood disorders such as depression. The findings mark a significant shift in neuroscience and open doors to more precise mental health therapies.

A major new study led by the University of Ottawa redefines how serotonin works in the brain. The research shows serotonin neurons in the brainstem form interactive networks that compete and cooperate, shaping when and where serotonin is released. This challenges the long-held view of a uniform serotonin signal and suggests a nuanced system that could influence mood and behavior. Research by neuroscience teams worldwide underpins this shift.

For Thai readers, understanding serotonin’s complex role matters because mood disorders such as depression and anxiety are rising public health concerns. Thailand’s Department of Mental Health reports increasing depression rates nationwide, which affect education, workplace productivity, and overall well-being. Insights into serotonin’s precise functions may lead to smarter, more personalized interventions for many Thai patients and families.

A groundbreaking new study published by an international research team led by the University of Ottawa is challenging decades-old beliefs about how serotonin works in the brain, uncovering a sophisticated web of interactions among serotonin neurons that could help redefine the treatment of mood disorders such as depression. Researchers found that instead of acting independently, clusters of serotonin neurons in the brainstem actively compete and collaborate, shaping both the timing and manner of serotonin release across different brain regions—a finding that overturns prior conceptions of a uniform serotonin signal and points to a more nuanced understanding of brain function and behavior (Neuroscience News).

A breakthrough preclinical study has revealed that clearing “zombie cells” from spinal discs may dramatically reduce chronic low back pain, a condition that affects millions of people globally and remains common among Thais. Researchers from McGill University found that two drugs—o-Vanillin and RG-7112—can target and remove these senescent cells, leading not only to reduced pain and inflammation but even signs of tissue repair in damaged spinal discs. The findings, published in Science Advances, point to a transformative new treatment that addresses the root cause of back pain rather than just masking symptoms with painkillers or surgery source.

A groundbreaking new study from University of Missouri-Columbia reveals that exercise can safeguard memory and cognitive performance—even when the brain is deprived of one of its essential fuel sources, ketones. This insight not only reinforces the crucial role of physical activity in brain health, especially amid rising rates of Alzheimer’s and dementia, but also provides hope for individuals with liver conditions that compromise energy production for cognitive functions. As Thailand faces its own growing elderly population and associated dementia risks, these findings are especially timely and relevant.

A new study from the University of Missouri–Columbia shows that regular physical activity can shield memory and cognitive performance even when the brain lacks one key fuel source: ketones produced by the liver. This finding reinforces the importance of exercise for brain health, especially as Alzheimer’s and dementia risk rises. It also offers hope for people with liver conditions that hamper energy production for thinking. For Thailand’s aging population, the results feel especially relevant.

A preclinical study suggests that removing senescent or “zombie” cells from spinal discs may dramatically reduce chronic low back pain. Researchers at McGill University found that two drugs, o-Vanillin and RG-7112, can target and clear these cells, leading to reduced inflammation and signs of tissue repair in damaged spinal discs. The findings, published in Science Advances, point to a potential treatment that addresses the root causes of back pain rather than simply masking symptoms with painkillers or surgery.

A groundbreaking new study has revealed that what you see isn’t just a reflection of the world—your brain actively decides “what it wants you to see”, and that decision can change depending on your immediate goals. This discovery, recently published in Nature Communications and spotlighted by Earth.com, challenges a long-held belief about vision, highlighting the brain’s astonishing ability to reshape perception in real time to suit our intentions and tasks (cited from Earth.com: https://www.earth.com/news/rethinking-vision-the-brain-sees-what-it-wants-to-see/).

A fresh study reveals that vision isn’t a passive window to reality. The brain actively decides what to show us, and those choices shift with our immediate goals. Published in Nature Communications and highlighted by science outlets, the research shows the visual system adapts in real time to suit tasks and intentions.

For Thai readers, this means perception is a dynamic process influenced by context, purpose, and cultural expectations. The finding has practical relevance—from navigating Bangkok streets to teaching and mental health. It also hints at future advances in education and AI that mimic human flexibility.

Vitamin D, long considered a front-line defender for the immune system, may not be the magic shield against the common cold that many Thais and people worldwide have hoped for. Fresh findings published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology and widely reported by international health outlets reveal that vitamin D supplementation offers no statistically significant protection against acute respiratory infections—including everyday colds, bronchitis, and pneumonia—for the general population, overturning years of popular belief and previous modestly optimistic studies. As vitamin D remains one of the most commonly consumed dietary supplements in Thailand and globally, this comprehensive research holds special significance for millions of Thai families seeking ways to stay healthy, especially during the rainy season when respiratory illnesses tend to surge.

A recent surge of research is affirming what many Thai families have intuitively known for generations—warm and affectionate mothering can have a profound, long-lasting impact on a child’s emotional development and future success. According to a summarized report from Good News Network, new scientific studies underscore that children who experience high levels of affectionate caregiving from their mothers are more likely to thrive emotionally and socially well into adulthood (Good News Network).

New research underscores what many Thai families have long believed: warm, affectionate caregiving from mothers supports a child’s emotional health and future success. A synthesis of recent studies shows that high maternal affection—through hugs, listening, and emotional support—helps children become more resilient, socially adept, and better equipped to handle stress as adults.

In Thailand’s fast-changing society, these findings offer timely guidance for parents balancing tradition with modern life. Longitudinal studies indicate that children who receive sustained maternal warmth from birth to age three tend to report lower anxiety and depression in adolescence and adulthood. One landmark study tracked more than 480 individuals for over three decades, revealing that early attention and affection at eight months predicted stronger emotional health at age 34. The evidence points to a robust link between early nurture and later well-being.

A major new review suggests that vitamin D supplementation does not meaningfully reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections, including common colds, bronchitis, or pneumonia, for the general population. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology study, summarized by health outlets worldwide, analyzed data from 46 randomized trials with more than 64,000 participants. The findings challenge long-standing beliefs that extra vitamin D boosts immunity against respiratory illnesses, a consideration many Thai families have weighed during the rainy season when such illnesses rise.

A little-known dietary supplement is drawing serious attention in the medical community for claims it can slow aging, protect the heart, and support cancer prevention. In Thailand, where health-awareness runs high among Bangkok shoppers and LINE group chats buzz with wellness news, GliSODin could become another widely discussed option. Here’s what Thai readers should know about this product, its origins, and what it may mean for aging and health.

A Toronto-based plastic surgeon who serves on the GliSODin board of directors has endorsed the supplement for its potential to target root causes of disease. He explains that GliSODin reduces oxidative stress, a factor linked to many chronic conditions including heart disease and cognitive decline. The key enzyme at the heart of GliSODin is superoxide dismutase (SOD), a natural antioxidant found in vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage but present in small amounts and not easily absorbed when eaten. GliSODin delivers SOD alongside gliadin, a gluten component that helps the enzyme survive digestion and improve absorption in the gut.

A seemingly obscure dietary supplement, GliSODin, is gaining attention in the medical community for its reported ability to slow aging, protect the heart, and even help prevent cancer, according to a recent feature in the New York Post NY Post, 2025. While Thailand’s health-conscious public is no stranger to vitamin shops lining Siam Square or the latest superfood news ricocheting across LINE groups, GliSODin may be a new name poised to join the ranks of must-have supplements. Here’s why this novel product—derived from cantaloupe melon and wheat gliadin—has experts abuzz, and what it could mean for Thais watching their health as they age.