#ThailandAgriculture

In a startling development that has rung alarm bells across the global public health community, scientists have confirmed for the first time that the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, better known as bird flu, has not only crossed into U.S. dairy cattle, but is now capable of cow-to-cow transmission. This unprecedented leap, tracked to a single wildlife spillover event in Texas in 2023, has rapidly escalated into a multi-state outbreak, deepening fears over the virus’s pandemic potential. The implications of this discovery stretch far beyond the borders of the United States, raising difficult questions for countries like Thailand, where livestock and poultry farming are vital to the economy and public health infrastructure is acutely attuned to zoonotic threats.

Recent insights from the 2025 Oxford LEAP Conference suggest a transformative shift is imminent in how we approach food production and consumption. Paul Behrens, a prominent scholar from the University of Oxford, highlighted the unsustainability of current agricultural practices due to intensifying environmental pressures and global market vulnerabilities. Behrens’ research underscores the primary drivers of this change: agriculture-induced environmental degradation and the compounded threats of climate change, exemplified by extreme weather events such as the extensive floods in Australia earlier this year. Reports from Queensland, one of Australia’s key cattle regions, pointed to significant livestock losses, emblematic of the intensifying volatility in food systems worldwide.