#Ultra-Processed

Protein is central to muscle maintenance and immune function, and global diet trends push fortified foods with extra protein. From yoghurt and bread to coffee and even some alcoholic beverages, the market is flooded with claims about protein benefits. But are protein-fortified foods truly better for health in everyday Thai life?

Experts agree protein matters. Current guidelines suggest about 0.75 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight for most adults. Some researchers argue this may be too low for certain groups—older adults, athletes, or people recovering from illness may benefit from 1.2–1.6 grams per kilogram. However, there is debate about extremely high intakes, occasionally promoted by social media, which may far exceed what the body can effectively use.

A recent study led by Professor Tim Spector and conducted by nutrition researchers at Zoe reframes how we view ultra-processed foods (UPFs). The team introduces a Practical Processed Food Risk Scale that ranks items from low to high risk based on additives, palatability, and energy density. Since UPFs form a sizable part of many diets worldwide, including in Thailand, this framework helps consumers make more informed choices.

Traditionally, UPFs have been deemed uniformly unhealthy because they often contain preservatives, sweeteners, emulsifiers, and high levels of sugar, salt, or unhealthy fats. The Zoe findings, however, suggest that some processed items may pose less risk when they contribute beneficial components such as fiber or probiotics. For example, unsalted butter, certain dairy products with live cultures, and some whole-grain cereals may land in the low- or no-risk categories when consumed as part of a balanced diet. In contrast, heavily engineered snacks and flavored yogurts designed to maximize palatability remain higher-risk due to their formulation and potential effects on gut health.