#Vaccination

A new comprehensive study published in The Lancet has sounded a worldwide alarm: after five decades of progress, childhood vaccination coverage is stagnating or even retreating, leaving millions of children increasingly vulnerable to deadly yet preventable diseases. The analysis, released this week and drawing on 50 years of country-level data, warns that the number of “zero-dose” children—those missing even the most basic vaccines—remains distressingly high, with global immunisation efforts hampered by growing inequalities, the lasting shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, and an upsurge in vaccine hesitancy and misinformation (Washington Post; The Lancet).

A renewed surge in measles cases worldwide has prompted the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to issue a heightened health advisory, urging travelers to ensure measles vaccination before international travel. The advisory, published at the end of May, underscores an “ongoing risk” that leaves individuals vulnerable to infection in airports, train stations, on public transport such as airplanes and trains, and at crowded tourist attractions, highlighting a wake-up call for travelers everywhere, including those from Thailand.

In recent decades, children born in wealthy countries are far less likely to die in early childhood than at any point in modern history—a fact highlighted by a wave of new research but rarely celebrated in global headlines. This profound decline in child mortality is among the most significant public health achievements of our time, yet its story is often overshadowed by other health challenges, leaving many unaware of the progress made and the factors driving these improvements Our World in Data.

In a sobering assessment this week, a leading US infectious disease expert declared that the world may have moved into a “post-herd immunity” era for measles, as vaccination gaps spark resurgent outbreaks across multiple countries. The statement comes as the United States faces its worst measles outbreak in decades, with more than 930 cases reported this year alone—a harbinger that the protective barrier of community immunity is crumbling (The Guardian, MSN).

The alarming drop in childhood vaccination rates is raising fresh fears of infectious disease resurgence in Thailand and around the world. According to recent research highlighted by international health experts, the downward trend in routine immunizations is leaving populations increasingly vulnerable to outbreaks of preventable illnesses such as measles and polio, marking a pivotal moment for public health systems globally, including Thailand (WIRED).

This issue is especially crucial for Thai families and policymakers in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, which disrupted health services and shifted public attention away from routine childhood immunizations. Historically, Thailand has celebrated strong immunization coverage, credited with eradicating diseases such as polio within its borders and sharply reducing cases of measles and diphtheria. However, the latest developments suggest these hard-won gains may now be at risk should the pattern mirror the global decline.

A leading Mayo Clinic physician has outlined three straightforward actions everyone can take to lower their risk of developing head and neck cancers, a group of potentially life-threatening diseases affecting the mouth, throat, and voice box. The recommendations underscore the importance of prevention at a time when incidence rates for certain types of these cancers are rising globally, including in Thailand. Public health experts emphasize that adopting these strategies could dramatically reduce the burden of cancer in both individuals and communities.

A recent report on cancer prevention trends in the United States has delivered both hopeful and concerning findings: while smoking rates continue their historic decline, vaccination rates against human papillomavirus (HPV)—a leading cause of cervical and other cancers—have stalled. This research carries important lessons for Thailand, where cancer remains a leading cause of death and where public health campaigns must juggle both familiar and emerging risks (CNN, 2025).

The continued drop in smoking rates is seen as a major victory for US public health. Decades of anti-smoking campaigns, policy changes, and increased public awareness have pushed adult smoking rates in the US to all-time lows. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) points to similar downward trends in high- and some middle-income countries, though progress is uneven. In Thailand, while smoking rates have decreased somewhat—especially among women and urban youth—a significant portion of the male population still uses tobacco products. According to the Ministry of Public Health, about 17% of Thais over 15 are smokers, higher than the current US adult smoking rate of around 11% (Thai National Statistics Office, 2023; CDC, 2024). This positions the new US numbers as benchmarks for Thai policymakers, especially as tobacco-related cancers continue to challenge the country’s healthcare system.

For 16-year-old Molly from Weymouth, every day presents a battle—one that began four years ago when she first developed long Covid. From severe fatigue and heart palpitations to fainting spells, seizures, and even allergic reactions, Molly describes her experience as “horrible”, with basic activities now requiring a wheelchair and “two good days a week, maybe three”. With dedicated NHS long Covid support for young people in Dorset shuttered, Molly is preparing to journey 300 miles to Liverpool for private treatment, illuminating a broader crisis faced by young long Covid patients and raising urgent questions about national and global responses to this lingering pandemic (BBC).

The US state of Virginia has reported its first confirmed measles case for 2025, raising fresh concerns about the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Health officials at the Virginia Department of Health announced the case on 19 April 2025, emphasizing the critical need to maintain high immunization rates. This news is not only significant for Americans, but offers urgent lessons for Thai families and healthcare providers in an era marked by global travel, vaccine hesitancy, and infectious disease risks.

The specter of polio, a disease once on the brink of global eradication, is looming large yet again as new reports from 2025 reveal troubling spikes in Afghanistan and Pakistan, compounded by global aid disruptions and vaccine skepticism1. For Thai readers, these developments sound an urgent warning: even diseases thought to be “conquered” can return if public health vigilance lapses, offering a stark lesson relevant to Thailand’s ongoing immunization efforts and pandemic preparedness.

The threat of measles is looming larger than ever with rising unvaccination rates posing significant public health risks worldwide. An enlightening report by The New York Times describes the grim reality of measles infection, specifically targeting unvaccinated children. Given the highly infectious nature of this virus, the findings are particularly poignant for Thailand, where vaccination campaigns have been critical in the past.

Measles, known as one of the most infectious viruses globally, requires no direct contact to spread. A simple stroll through a room where an infected individual was present could lead to transmission through inhaled droplets. The report highlighted that 90% of unvaccinated individuals exposed to measles will contract it. For Thailand, where public spaces such as markets and schools are pivotal in daily life, understanding this transmission dynamic is crucial in preventing outbreaks.

The rapid and expansive spread of the H5N1 avian influenza virus has reached an unprecedented scale, according to a recent warning by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. This alarming trend, highlighted in their March analysis, brings to the forefront significant risks that could affect food security and health systems around the world, including Thailand.

The global spread of the H5N1 virus has reportedly led to the destruction of hundreds of millions of birds in various corners of the world. Concerns are mounting as the virus begins to affect mammals as well, a trend that scientists are closely monitoring for potential public health implications. For Thailand, a major player in both poultry farming and global chicken exportation, these developments could have profound implications. If similar outbreaks were to occur locally, the effects on the domestic poultry industry and food supply could be severe.

A recent investigative piece highlights a concerning phenomenon associated with measles infections: immune amnesia. This condition severely impairs the body’s immune memory, potentially making those who have recovered from measles more vulnerable to other infections for years to follow. This critical finding questions the myths surrounding measles immunity, emphasizing the importance of vaccination.

The implications of immune amnesia, particularly highlighted in the current measles outbreak starting from Texas and spreading across 19 states, underscore the virus’s true danger. Contrary to myths, contracting measles does not enhance immune strength; instead, it compromises it significantly. The measles virus eradicates immune cells that remember past infections, thereby diminishing the body’s ability to fend off diseases it had previously overcome. This viral strategy replaces the immunity against other pathogens with a temporary defense against measles, ultimately requiring re-encounters with past pathogens to rebuild immune memory.

In a concerning development from West Texas, Covenant Children’s Hospital in Lubbock has reported treating fewer than 10 pediatric patients for vitamin A toxicity, amidst a misinformation wave regarding vitamin A’s role in treating measles. This surge in cases is attributed to a misunderstanding promoted recently in media, particularly by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., suggesting that vitamin A can dramatically reduce measles mortality rates.

The children affected, initially hospitalized due to measles complications, now face the added complication of vitamin A toxicity, which can cause abnormal liver function and disrupt overall health, according to the National Institutes of Health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has emphasized that while vitamin A may be administered as part of supportive care in severe measles cases, it is not a replacement for vaccination. This message, echoed by Dr. Philip Huang of Dallas County Health and Human Services, underlines the critical importance of the measles vaccine as the primary preventive measure.

The recent measles outbreak affecting West Texas and New Mexico has taken an unexpected turn with several patients suffering from vitamin A toxicity, raising alarm over health misinformation. At Covenant Children’s Hospital in Lubbock—close to the outbreak’s center—some of the unvaccinated children hospitalized for measles exhibited signs of abnormal liver function, a likely indication of excessive vitamin A intake, explained Dr. Lara Johnson, pediatric hospitalist and chief medical officer for Covenant Health-Lubbock Service Area source.